1872.] ON THE BIRDS OF CELEBES. 175 



CORVID.E. 



CoRVus, Linneeus. 



105. CoRVUs ENCA (Horsf.), Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 164, "Java" (1822) ; Schlegel, Bijdrag. 

 part viii. p. 13, pi. 1. fig. 23; Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 29. 



Corvus validus, var., Wallace, partim, P. Z. S. 18G2, p. 343. 



Ilab. Macassar {Bernstein) ; Limbotto, Gorontalo, Kcma, Toulabello ( Von Bosenberg) ; Java 

 {type). 



The species inhabiting Celebes has not been satisfactorily identified. By Professor Schlegel 

 it is considered the same as that found in Java, while true C. validus, Temm., Bp. (Consp. i. 

 p. 385), is from Sumatra, and does not occur in Java. 



Gazzola, Bonaparte. 



106. Gazzola ttpica, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxvii. p. 828, " Nouvelle Caledonie," errore 

 (5th December 1853) ; Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. G (1854) ; Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 113. 



Corvus advena, Schlegel, Bijdragen tot de Dierk. pt. viii. p. 3, pi. 2, " Sumatra," errore (1859) : 

 Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces. p. 6, " Macassar ;" Wallace, Mai. Archip. i. p. 375. 



JIab. Macassar {Wallace). 



This species has hitherto been found only in the Macassar district. Mr. Wallace (/. c.) 

 alludes to it as rare. It is an anomalous form, hardly exceeding a Li/cos in size, but with a bill 

 equal to that of Corvus corone, and of much the same character. The arrangement of the quills 

 is peculiar. The fourth much exceeds the others ; and the first is very short. Prince Bonaparte 

 separated it generically, but placed it next to Corvus {Phijsocorax) moncduloides (Less.), another 

 unique and aberrant Corvine form, with which it has nothing in common beyond its general 

 family relations. 



This species has partly been the subject of some of the most curious mistakes in ornithological 

 literature ; and the position of the generic title Gazzola, Bp., whether among the Campephagida; 

 or the Corvidse, depends on a correct history and explanation of how the confusion arose. In the 

 thirteenth edition of the ' Systema,' Gmelin gave the title of Corvus caledonicus to Latham's 

 "New-Caledonian Crow," a species described by Latham (General Syn. i. p. 377) from a drawing 

 belonging to Sir Joseph Banks. This is a true New-Caledonian (Jraucalus. In the second 

 supplement to the ' Synopsis,' Latham inserted a distinct bird (Labillardiere's " Pie de la Nouvelle 

 Caledonie ") under the title of " Caledonian Crow," and called it in the supplement to the ' Index 

 Ornithologicus ' Corvus caledonicus. Thus there became a Corvus caledonicus, Gm., and a Tr.Z.B.viii. 

 Corvus cctledonicus. Lath., the first being a Graucalus, the last a Streptocitta, the first being a P" '^" 

 really New-Caledonian species, the last being only found in Celebes. In 1850 Bonaparte founded 

 his genus Gazzola, making C. caledonicus, Gm., the type, and associating with it the correct 

 synonyms of true C. caledonicus, Gm. Still it is evident that Bonaparte was confounding the 

 then unique specimen in the Paris Museum of the Celebean black-and-white Crow (which was 

 labelled " Corvus dauricus de la Nouvelle Caledonie ") with Corvus caledonicus. Lath., the black- 



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