1875.] THE PHILIPPINE AECHIPELAGO. 331 



individual, judging by the casque obtained by Dr. Meyer. The figure by D'Aubenton {I. c.) 

 bears a striking resemblance to that in the ' Ornithologia,' and would almost seem to have been 

 copied from Brisson's plate. The description, too, given by BufFon {I. c.) is incontestably not Tr. Z. S. ix. 

 original, but extracted from Brisson ; while Buffon's title seems to have originated in Brisson's ^' ^^°' 

 assertion that his type inhabited the Moluccas. 



Le Vaillant mentions (/. c.) that the example in Aubrey's cabinet, Brisson's type, was of a 

 very young bird and much mutilated, both its tail and wings having been cut. It is difficult to 

 decide, on the evidence we possess, how many individuals served as subjects for Brisson, 

 D'Aubenton, and Le VaiUant. If we are to believe the last author, there were in Paris at least 

 three examples : — first, Aubrey's — Brisson's type, and which Le Vaillant says he purchased when 

 Aubrey's collection was sold ; second, the subject of D'Aubenton's plate, said by BufFon to have 

 been taken from a set-up specimen, but without mentioning to whom it belonged ; third, the 

 example figured by Le Vaillant {I. c), and which he informs us he had acquired a short time 

 previously. But, according to Temminck {I. c), Le Vaillant figured the identical specimen 

 Avhich was the original subject of D'Aubenton's plate, and which at the time Temminck wrote 

 (1824) was still preserved, although much deteriorated, in the Paris Museum. 



On the whole, the probabilities are that there never was more than one specimen, and that 

 the Brissonian type, which must have passed from Aubrey's collection to that of the Paris 

 Museum. With Temminck's identification of this specimen as being the young of the large 

 Philippine Hornbill we must rest content. Anyhow we may safely reject Le Vaillant's statement 

 that le Calao of Brisson was the young of the Calao a casque concave of Le Vaillant, op. cit. 

 plates 3 & 5, drawn from manufactured specimens with the heads only of B. hicornis. The 

 drawing of the bill {I. c.) was made by Le Vaillant from a specimen in the Leyden Museum 

 {teste Temm.). 



The sexes of this species, as represented by the examples collected by Dr. Meyer, do not 

 differ either in colouring or in dimensions. In a young bird, body-plumage dingy greyish tawny, 

 the bill is entirely black, with the exception of the tip of the maxillae and the under surface of 

 the rami of the mandible, which are bright blood-red. 



Buceros bicornis, Linn., and this species belong to the same natural section of the Hornbills f. 



Hydrocorax phiUjpinnensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 568, no. 2, " Philippines," a title founded on a 

 head and beak in M. Aubrey's cabinet, and said to have come from the Philippines, is, so far as 

 we know, not a Philippine species, but identical with B. bicornis, Linn. 



CRAJS^iOKEHmus, Cabauis. 

 67. * Ckajsiokrhinus leucocephalus. (PI. XXVII. fig. 1, d ; fig. 2, ? , in orig.) 

 Buceros leucocephalus, Vieillot, N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. iv. p. 592, "Moluques" (1816), Jide 

 Bp. Consp. i. p. 91. 



Buceros sulcatus, Eeinw.,Temm. PL Col. 69, "Philippines et Mariannes" (1823); Schleo-el, 

 Mus. Pays-Bas, Buceros, p. 10. 

 Hab. Mindanao {Schlegel). 

 t To whicli must bo added B. liomrai, Hodgs., if tlie Indian bird is specifically distinct from the Indo-Malayan. 



