1875.J THE PUILIPPINE AECIIIPELAGO. 333 



Le Vaillant's figure (/. e. pi. 17) and that by D'Aubenton (/. c. pi. 781) were drawn from 

 the same example, which was preserved in the Abbe Aubrey's cabinet (fide Le Vaill. /. c). At 

 the time Le Vaillant wrote (1810), five examples of this species were known to him. Since that 

 date there is no recorded evidence of any other having been brought to Europe. 



At some time previous to the year 1780 Poivre sent to the Royal cabinet in Paris an 

 example of a small Philippine Hornbill, which DAubenton figured (ojj. cit. pi. 891) and which 

 Buffon described [torn. cit. p. 144) under the title of Calao de Mamile. This example no 

 longer existed at the Jardin des Plantes in 1810 {Jidc Le Vaill.); but Le Vaillant figured [torn, 

 cit. pi. 18) a second example, given to the Abbe Aubrey by Poivre. The origin of Poivre's 

 Hornbill can only be inferred from the title bestowed by Buffon. That it belonfTed to a new 

 and distinct species, was perfectly recognized by Buffon ; yet Le Vaillant identified it (1810) as 

 the young of Sonnerat's Hornbill, and this identification has been quietly acquiesced in by every 

 author, save Meyen, ever since, even by the astute Wagler. The considerable series of 

 individuals obtained by Dr. Meyer in Luzon and in the island of Guimaras, close to that of 

 Panay, completely establishes the fact that the Hornbills brought to France by Poivre and by 

 Sonnerat belonged to two separate species. 



The adult male has the head, including a large crest, lower throat, sides of the neck, breast 

 and abdomen, bright tawny. The upper part of the throat between the rami of the mandibles 

 a stripe from the gape, bounding the naked space below the eye, the cheeks, where not denuded 

 and the ear-coverts jet-black. The latter are much elongated, and a few of the uppermost 

 mingle with the lateral crest-plumes. The abdomen is washed with ferruginous, which chano-es 

 into much deeper ferruginous on the thighs, under tail-coverts, vent, rump, and upper tail" 

 coverts. The back and wings are uniform black, strongly glossed with green. The rectrices for 

 the first seven inches are of a paler ferruginous, some on the outer web narrowly frinoed with 

 black. The tail-feathers for the remaining three inches are black, glossed with green, like the 

 back. The shafts are black throughout their lengths. The black of the apical part of the tail 

 runs up the outer webs of the outer pair of rectrices for a short distance. Tlie quills are black 

 glossed with green, on their outer webs. The chin, cheeks, and space surrounding the eye are 

 devoid of feathers. 



A second example only differs in having the ferruginous portion of the rectrices of a paler 

 hue, almost buff, and by the absence of the narrow black exterior fringe. 



The adult female differs from the male in being entirely black, with the exception of the 

 rectrices, which are marked and coloured as in the male. In one example the entire outer web 

 of the fifth pair of rectrices is black ; in another this is only partially the case. 



To the flattened side of the ma.Killa is attached a plate which extends from the base for two Tr Z s ■ 

 thirds of the length of the maxilla. In the thickness of this plate are six narrow and shallow P- l*^^- 

 almost perpendicular, grooves, coloured yellow in the dried specimen. A similar plate has 

 grown on the sides of the mandible, and is grooved by narrower and more deeply cut diaoonal 

 channels. A narrow casque springs from the forehead, which, somewhat swollen posteriorly, is 

 compressed anteriorly into a blunt broken edge. The commissure is much indented and broken. 

 This description of the bill applies to the adults of both sexes ; but in the male the bill is longer 

 and deeper than in the female. 



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