342 ON THE BIRDS INHABITING [1875. 



returned to France in 1772; and D'Aubenton's plates were published prior to 1775*. After 

 this date Sonnerat returned to the East and visited India, Malacca, and China. The subject of 

 PI. Enl. 629 was therefore procured during Sonnerat's first voyage, either along with that of PL 

 Enl. 030 (C. jiajmensis, Gm.) in the Papuan Islands, or else previously in one of the Philippines. 

 No known Papuan Graucalus agrees with the bird figured in plate 629 ; but the female or young 

 male of the common Philippine species does completely agree with it. I therefore without hesi- 

 tation identify Le ChoKcas de la Konvelle Guinee, D'Aubent., pi. 629, with the Philippine 

 Tr.Z. s. ix Cuckoo-Shrike. Leaving out G. swainsonii, Gould, it being an Australian member of the genus, 

 ^■^"' the only other species that may have supplied Sonnerat with his example are the Malaccan, 

 Sumatran, and Bornean forms (G. fasciatus, VieilL, apud auct. recent., =C. sumatrensis f, 

 S. Miiller), and Graucalus dohsoni, Ball, J. A. S. B. xli. p. 281, no. 23, an excellent species, 

 belonging to this group and recently discovered by Mr. Ball in the Andaman Islands. But there 

 is no evidence that Sonnerat obtained any birds from the Malayan peninsula, the Andamans, 

 Sumatra, or Borneo during his voyage from Port St. Louis to Manilla ; and on the other hand 

 we have the fact that D'Aubenton's plate 629 represents a Graucalus with a black lorum and 

 ocular stripe — a character possessed by the Philippine species in some phases of plumage, and 

 the constant absence of which is said to be (and is, I believe) a principal distinguishing character 

 of the INIalayan $. 



Two examples of this Philippine Graucalus are contained in the British Museum. Both 

 are in the plumage of G. dussumieri ; yet they are catalogued under two difterent numbers and 

 two distinct titles in the Hand-list. One, from Mindanao, through the brothers Verreaux, is 

 named by them G. lagunensis ; the other, from the Cuming collection, procured at Cataguan, is 

 named G. dussumieri. 



A species usually associated with the subject of PI. Enl. 629, is the so-called Graucalus 

 lineatus, Lesson, Tr. d'Om. p. 349. The error has probably arisen in consequence of Lesson 

 {I. c.) not quoting the real author of the title, and his giving Corims novce-guinece, Gm., as a 

 synonym, and adding PL Enl. 629 as a reference. The bird described by Lesson (/. c.) under 

 this title is said by him to be from New Holland. It is clearly not the Malayan G. concretus, 

 HartL, nor the Philippine species ; and it is difficult to identify ; for, among other characters 

 given, is a ivMfe tail. In the Manuel d'Orn. i. p. 220, Lesson included a Cellepijris lineata, 

 Swainson, and a Cehlepyris tricolor §, Swainson, introducing the two titles with the observation 

 that " Mr. Swainson describes two new echenilleurs, which he names," etc. The diagnosis given 

 in the ' Manuel ' differs from that given in the ' Traite,' but is evidently a condensed account 



* I am unable to affix tho exact publishing-date of PL Enl. G29 & G30 ; but as these plates are quoted by Mont- 

 beiUard in the third volume of the first edition of the ' Histoire Naturelle,' which is dated 1775, the examples brought to 

 Paris by Sonnerat must have been obtained during his first voyage (that is, his voyage to the Philippines and Now Guinea), 

 and not during his second voyage, when he visited Malacca at some period subsequent to 1776, the year when he left 

 Europe for the second time. 



t G. coneretHS, Hartl. apud nos. Ibis, 1872, p. 371 [anted, p. 225]. 



i The Malayan species is considerably smaller, average length of the wing being 5'50, as against 6-25. It is not of 

 80 dark a shade of plumbeous, and the transverse bands are narrower. It is not so well marked and striking as the 

 Philippine species. The Andaman species is larger than the Philippine and possesses a characteristic plumage of its own. 



§ Apparently = C. humtralis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 143, over which title it takes precedence. 



