12 



LAXIID.!). MUSCICAPID.E. 



Asia Minor 

 and Europe 

 from Baltic, 

 wintering in 

 Africa. 



71. Red-backed Shrike, or " Butciier-bibd." Lanius collurio^JAn- 

 uaeus. tSpriug to autumn, rare in Scotland — one occurreuce in Ireland. 



Male. Scapulars dull brick-red, uniform A\ith the back ; crown, biud 

 neck, and rump grey ; cbin white ; breast with roseate tinge. 



Female. Above brownish grey ; tail brownish red. Underparts white ; 

 sides of neck, breast, and flanks barred witii brown. 



YowKj. Above reddish brown ; below pale brown ; above and below 

 barred with blackish brown. Length 7|-S inches. 



72. WooDCiiAT Shrike. Lanms pomeranus, Sparrmau. Rare strag- 

 gler on migration, but not to Scotland or Ireland. 



Male. Forehead black ; centre of crown and nape chestnut ; scapulars 

 white, forming a large white patch on each side ; rump and underparts 

 white ; white alar bar, or speculum, formed by the white outer web of 

 base of primaries. 



Female. Like the male, but markings ill-defined and not so bright. 



Young. Much like young of last, but lighter. Scapulars and rump 

 paler; plumage vermiculated with dark brown. Length 7^ inches. 



Arctic Europe, 

 Asia, and 

 N.W. America. 



AMPELID^. 



73. Waxwixg. Ampielis r/arndiis, Linui^us. Irregularly in severe 

 winters ; sometimes in great numbers, but not of late years. 



Male. General colour brownish grey ; long erectile crest ; black band 

 from nostrils to nape ; chin and throat black. Tail short, tipped with 

 ydlow ; under tail-coverts deep chestnut. Secondaries tipped with small 

 scarlet wax-like ends; some of the tail-feathers rarely thus tipped. 



Female. Like male, but with fewer wax tips on wings, none on tail. 

 Length 8 inches. 



MUSCICAPIDiE. Nostrils more or less covered 

 by bristly hairs. 



74. Spotted Flycatohee. Muscicapa </risola, Linnaius. Spring to 

 autumn. 



Ashy bro^^■n above ; forehead lighter than head, m hich is mottled 

 with streaks of darker brown ; breast white, with brown streaks ; 

 axillaries fawn-coloured. 



Young. Spotted. Length 5^ inches. 



75. Pied Flycatcher. Muscicajja atrlcapilla, Linua^us. Syh-an. 

 Spring to autumn ; A^ery local breeder ; has visited Ireland. 



Male in spring. Above black, except white forehead and white wiug- 

 bar ; axillaries and underparts white ; quills brownish black. Tail 

 black, three outer feathers on each side haviug two-thirds of the outer 

 web from the base white. 



Female, male in winter, and young. Above brownish grey; under- 

 parts dirty white. Tail as in male, but duller. Length 5 inches. 



