14 rEINGILLID^. 



In ivinter. Bill fleshy white. 



Young. Spotted, uo grey at back of neck or black patch ou chiu ; lower 

 breast and iianks spotted and barred uith brown ; iris brown. Length 

 7 inches. 



82. GoLDFixcH. Carduelis elejans, Stephens. Resident, but de- 

 creasing. 



Bill nearly conical, sharp-pointed. 



Adult. General colour above ruddy brown. Forehead, upper throat, 

 and cheeks crimson ; hinder crown and sides of neck blacJc ; outer web 

 of basal half of primaries, except the first, and the larger wing-coverts, 

 brilliant yellow. 



Young. Mottled, no red or black on head, that part being greyish 

 bi'own. Length 5 inches. 



83. Siskin. Carduelis sphms (Linngeus). Arboreal. Occasionally 

 breeds in England, regularly in Scotland and Ireland. 



Adult male. Above yellowish green ; cheeks, throat, and breast bright 

 yellow ; flanks streaked with black ; crown and small patch on chin 

 black ; tail blackish, all but the two centre feathers yellow at the base. 



Female. No black on head or chin ; throat uniform dull white. 

 Length 4| inches. 



C, & S. Europe, 84, Seein" Fixch. Serinus Jiortulanus, K. L. Koch. Sylvan. Very 

 Asia Minor, rare straggler to England ; importation suspected. 

 N. Africa. . i i 



Bill conical, short, stout and blunt. 



Adult male. General colour above pale brown, each feather edged 

 with yellow, and streaked with black on the centre ; crown like the 

 back ; foreliead, nape, eye-stripe, throat, and breast yellow ; flanks 

 streaked with black. 



Female. Like male, but duller ; throat, breast, and flanks streaked 

 with dark brown. Length 4| inches. 



85. IIouse-Spaerow. Passer domcsticus (Linnoeus). Eesident. 



Adult male. Croun, nape, and rump ashy grei/, with a chestnut streak 

 on each side of head ; throat black ; ear-coverts white ; general colour 

 abo\e chestnut, strealied with black on back. 



Female. Lacks black throat of male ; above dingy brown, streaked 

 with black ; pale eye-stripe; rump ashy brown. 



Young. Like female, but can always be known by the yellowisli skin 

 at angle of gape. Length 6 inches. 



86. Tree-Spaerow. Passer montanus (Linnaeus). Eesident. 



Sexes alihe. Smaller than last. Always nests in Jioles of trees, thatch, 

 and buildings. 



Adult. Cvown and nape uniform vinaceous chestnut ; throat black ; 

 ear-coverls ashy white, with black patch ou lower part ; rump ashy 

 brown. 



Yoking. Duller, but show indistinctly markings of adults. Length 

 5.4 inches. 



