FRINGILLIDiE. 15 



87. CnAFFiNcn. Fringilla coelehs, LinnoDus. Eesideut. 



Adult male. Forehead black ; head slate-grey ; back rufous ; ear- 

 coverts and uiiderparts vinoas red ; rump olive-green. Two white bars 

 on wing. 



JIuIc ill winter. Duller, the slate-grey feathers having brown tips, and 

 the white on wings is tinged with yellow. 



FeiHfde. Head and back ashy brown ; below pale brown ; rump yellow- 

 ish green. — la ivinter is browner, and the white on the wings has yellow 

 tinge. Length G inches. 



88. Bramblixci. FrimjlUa montifriar/iUa, Linnaeus. Autumn to 

 spring. 



liump wJtite, intermixed with black ; axillaries and smaller inner wing- 

 coverts jw/e i/elloiv. 



Male in summer. Head and upper back blue-black ; throat and chest 

 orange ; flanks spotted with black ; bill bluish. 



Male ill ivinter. Black parts edged with buffi; throat duller, shaded 

 with sandy buff ; bill yellow. 



Female. Head and upper back dark brown ; rest of plumage much 

 as male in winter, but less bright. Length 6i inches. 



89. Linnet. Amnthis cannabina (Linuceus). E-esident. 



Adult male. General colour above reddish brown ; forehead and breast 

 rich crimson ; rump paler than back ; wing-coverts uiiiform chestnut- 

 brown., like the back, without wliite edging ; throat ivhiti'fh. In w.'uter 

 the red colour is obscured by pale edgings to breast-feathers, which 

 wear off. 



Female. Has no red on heatl or breast : sides of face dark ashy, like 

 the head ; bill dusky. 



Young. Like female, but spotted. Length ^k-Q inches. 



90. Mealy Eedpoll. AcantJiis linaria (Linnaeus). Autumn to 

 spring. 



Adult male in summer. Above light brown, streal-ed with blackish 

 brown ; fore crown carmine ; chin black ; throat and breast pink : rump 

 ashg white., tinged with crimson and streaked with brown ; wing-coverts 

 tipped with whitish, forming a double wing-bar. 



Female. Like male, but only red on the head. In winter the rump 

 is whitish, and the throat and breast are fringed with ashy-white tips. 

 liCngth 5 inches. The northern race called A. holboelli, larger, with a 

 "very much larger bill,'" is stated to have occurred in England (Sharpe, 

 Cat. Birds British Museum, vol. xii. p. 250). 



91. Lessee Eedpoll. Acanthis rufescens (Vieillot). Eesident. 



Similar to last, but smaller and more rufons, the rump dusky brown, 

 and the bands on wing reddish butt". Length 4^ inches. 



02. Twite, or Moltntain-Lixnet. Acanthis jlavirostris (Linnasus). 

 Breeds from Derbyshire northwards ; a winter visitor to the south. 



No red on forehead or breast ; bill yellow in adults ; dusky in young. 



