FRINGILLIDiE. MOTACILLID/E. 19 



108. L.VPLAND BuxTiNff. Calcarius lairponkus (Linnseus). Irregular Arctic, winter- 

 straggler, autumn to spring. -f^^; °f ^''''' 



HiucI claw nearly straight, lonrjer than hind toe. Tail brown, outer 

 feathers mostly white. 



Adah male in summer. General colour above black ; broad white 

 streak from eye to breast ; throat black ; hind neck and sides of neck 

 bright rufous. 



Ill antamn. The black and rufous parts are concealed by pale edges to 

 feath(M*s. 



Ftnialc. Crown blackish, with light edgings; bufllsh eyebrow; nape 

 duller than in male ; throat buffy white. 



Iji. winter. General colour greyish brown ; light eye-stripe ; throat 

 and flanks marked with dark brown. Length Q\ inches. 



MOTACILLID^. Wings with nine (visible) primaries. 



1 00. AVniTE Wagtail. Motarilla alba, Linnaeus. Spring to autumn ; 

 has bred in England, and doubtless is often overlooked. 



Male. Crown, nape, throat, and breast black ; back from nape ash- 

 grey ; front and sides of head white. 



Female. Like the male. 



In winter. Kesembles the next (J/, luf/ubris), but has lighter back. 



YoiuKj. L^udistinguishable from the young of the next. Length 7- 

 Ih inches. 



110. Pied Wagtail. Moiacillalugubris, Temminck. Chiefly spring 

 to autumn, but many resident. 



Male in spring. Crown, nape, bacl\ chin, and throat black, the latter 

 uniting with the black on the back and nape ; forehead and sides of the 

 head w bite. 



Female. Like male, but has the back slaty grey, with blackish feathers 

 here and there. 



Both sexes in winter ha\'e the back ash-grey : chin and throat 

 A\hite ; back of the head and nape black, with a black crescent on front 

 of neck. 



Yoiinij. In first plumage have entire head ash-grey ; face washed with 

 yellow ; the black crescent on front neck gradually developing from a 

 small spot to a full crescent. Length 7-7| inches. 



111. Grey Wagtail. Motacilla melanope, Pallas. Eesident in hilly 

 and rocky districts ; elsewhere autumn to spring. 



Under tail-coverts brighter ijellow than belly. 



Male in summer. Above bluish grey; white eye-stripe; rump and 

 upper tail-coverts _'/''e(;»/.'>/< ijcUow ; underparts yellow ; throat black. 



Female. Resembles the male, but has the throat white, or white with 

 very rarely a few black feathers. 



Young. Above tinged with brown ; throat and eyebrow buff. 



In winter. 13oth sexes are alike, having a white throat. Length 7-7^ 

 inches, tail about 3^. 



c2 



