ais'atim:. 



39 



forming an erectile crest ; back yellowisli brown ; lower neck, breast, and 

 belly black ; bill and legs veruiiliou; iris red. 



Female. Crown dark browu without crest ; cheeks, neck, and sides of 

 throat li(jht (jreij ; bill and legs reddish brown. Length 21 inches. 



222. PocKARD, or " Dun-bird." Fiolir/ula ferma (Linnaeus). Chiefly 

 autumn to spring, but breeds in a few localities. 



"Wing-spot f/re>/ ; bill black, longer than head, broad band of blue 

 across the middle. 



Male. Head and neck chestnut-red ; breast and upper back black ; 

 back and scapulars white, finely veriniculated with black ; iris red. 



Female. Markings as in male, but with dull brown head and neck ; 

 dark broun breast and upper back. Length 17-19 inches. 



223. White-eyed Pocuabd. Fulir/ula mjroca (Giildenstiidt). Casual 

 visitor in cold winters. 



"Wing-spot wldte ; tail short, of fourteen feathers, much graduated ; 

 bill lead-coloured, longer than liead. 



Male. Head, neck, and general colour above chestnut-brown ; under- 

 parts greyish white ; iris ivhite. 



Female. Marked as male, but duller ; iris dull white. Length 15-17 

 inches. 



C. & S. Europe, 

 N. Africa, Asia, 

 S. in winter. 



224. Tufted Duck. Ftiligulacristata(Ijesich). Chiefly from autumn 

 to spring, but breeds in a good many localities. 



AVing-spot white. 



Male. Head and neck glossy purplish black, with an occipital crest or 

 tuft ; breast, belly, sides, flanks, and speculum white ; the rest of plumage 

 black ; iris yellow. 



Female. Crest smaller ; brown where black in the male ; underparts 

 brownish white. Length 17 inches. 



225. Scaup. Fidigula marila (Linnaeus). Autumn to spring. 



AVing-spot wliite ; bill very broad, about as long as head. 



3Iale. Head, neck, upper breast, rump, and under tail-coverts black, 

 with green gloss ; back and scapulars white, broadly veriniculated with 

 black ; belly white ; iris straw-yellow. 



Female and young male. White hand round base of bill, broadest in 

 female ; head and neck dark browu, as are all the parts which are black 

 in the male. Length IS inches. 



Northern, 



22G. GoLDEKEYE. Clanr/ida glaudon (Linnaeus). Autumn to spring. 



Eill much shorter than head ; tail of sixteen feathers, as in next. 



Male. Head and neck glossy green ; feathers on crown slightly 

 lengthened ; small ivhite spot at base of bill ; scapulars white ; wing- 

 spot white. 



Female and young male. Head and neck ash-brown ; no white spot on 

 head; wing-spot white, divided by a black line. Length 10-19 inches. 



Sub-arctic or 

 Northern, 



