OF BR[TISH BIKDS. 35 



Species ivhose Breeding-7'ange is confined to Western Europe. 



There are six species and as many subspecies of British Birds whose 

 breeding-range is confined to Western Europe. 



One species is arctic and subarctic and may breed as far east as 

 longitude 25'': — 



Fringilla flavirostris. 



Four species are not known to breed further east than longitude 10°. 

 Two of them are subarctic — 



Aci'edula rosea, 

 Motacilla yarrelli ; 



one is subarctic and subtropic — 



Perdix riifa ; 



and the fourth is subtropic — 



Caprimulgus ruficollis. 



The breeding-range of three subspecies is about the same, of which one 

 is arctic — 



Falco gyrfalco {typiciis), 



and three are subarctic — 



Charadrius hiaticula major, 

 Loxia curvirostra pityopsittaca, 

 Fringilla linaria rufescens. 



Only one species is exclusively British — 



Tetrao scoticus ; 



but the Wren of St. Kilda and the British Coal Tit claim subspecific rank 



Troglodytes parvulus hirtensis. 

 Parus ater britannicus. 



East Pal^arctic Species. 



There are nine accidental visitors to our Isljiuds which may be regarded as 

 East Palpearctic, inasmuch as their breeding-ranges extend as far east as 

 the Pacific, but not as fur west as the Atlautic. Of these there arc six 



