FIELDFARE. Tardus pilaris. 



Common winter visitor. Breeds in arctic and subarctic Europe and 

 Siberia as far east as Lake Baikal. Winters in North Africa,, South 

 Europe^ Turkestan^ and Cashmere. 



BLACKBIED. Meriila meriila. 



Common resident. Breeds in Europe south of the Arctic Circle^ North 

 Africa, Asia Minor, Persia, Turkestan, Afghanistan, and Cashmere. Most 

 northern birds migrate south in autumn. Eastern examples are larger 

 than western ones. 



RING-OUZEL. Meriila torquata. 



Summer visitor to our wildest moors. Breeds on most rocky mountains 

 of Europe. Winters in North Africa, South Eui'ope, Asia ]Minor, and 

 Persia. Eastern examples differ slightly from western ones. 



BLACK-THROATED OUZEL. Merula atrigularis. 



Accidental winter visitor; only two British records (Sussex, Perth). 

 Breeds in the valleys of the Obb and the Yenesei south of the Arctic 

 Circle, the mountains of Russian Turkestan, and Cashmere. Winters in 

 the plains of Russian and Chinese Turkestan and North India. 



COMMON DIPPER. Cincliis aqnaticiis. 



Common resident on mountain streams. Resident in subarctic and 

 subtropic Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Subject to much local 

 variation. Typical form resident also in France, the Netherlands, and 

 North Germany. 



BLACK-BELLIED DIPPER. Cinclus aquaticus melanogaster. 



Accidental visitor ; one or two English and one Irish record. Arctic 

 race of the Common Dipper, breeding in Scandinavia and on the moun- 

 tains of West Europe. 



ROBIN. Erithacus rubecula. 



Common resident. Breeds in the Azores, temperate Europe, North 

 Africa, and South Persia, migrating in autumn where the winters are 

 severe as far as the confines of the Tropics. 



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