Subfamily PARING. 

 GOLDCREST. Eegiilus cristatus, 



Common resident. Breeds in Europe south of latitude 60°, and in 

 Asia Minor, Turkestan, South Siberia, the Himalayas, North China, and 

 Japan. Migrates south in autumn where the winters are cold. Eastern 

 examples differ slightly from western ones. 



FIRECREST. Regulus ignicapillus. 



Rare winter visitor to England (Scotch and Irish records doubtful). 

 Breeds in Central and Southern Europe west of the Volga, Algeria, and 

 Asia Minor. Migrates south in autumn where the winters are cold. 



GREAT TIT. Parus major. 



Common resident. Breeds in Western Europe and Africa, from the 

 Arctic Circle to the Canary Islands ; thence eastwards across Southern 

 Russia, Asia Minor, Palestine, and Persia to Southern Siberia. Migrates 

 south in very cold winters. 



BLUE TIT. Parus caeruleus. 



Common resident. Breeds in Europe in Scandinavia up to lat. 64°, but 

 in East Russia only to 61"^, and in Asia Minor. Migrates south in autumn 

 from the coldest parts of its range, but does not cross the Mediterranean. 



COAL TIT. Parus ater. 



Rare winter visitor. Resident in Europe south of tlie Arctic Circle, 

 Asia Minor, South Siberia, Japan, and North China. Eastern examples 

 differ slightly from western ones. 



BRITISH COAL TIT. Parus ater britannicus. 



Common resident, peculiar to the British Islands, but intergrading with 

 the typical form, in which the upper parts are slate-grey, whereas in 

 British examples they are generally olive-brown. 



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