CHOUGH. Pyrrhocorax graculiis. 



Local resident on our rocky coasts. Resident very locally on the coast 

 from Brittany to the Canaries ; and on the principal mountain-ranges of 

 North Africa, Europe, and across the centre of Asia to the Pacific. 

 Subject to some local variation. 



ALPINE CHOUGH. Pyrrhocorax alpinus. 



Supposed accidental visitor ; only one British record (Oxfordshire) . 

 Resident on the highest mountains of Spain and Central Europe, whence 

 its range extends across Central Asia to the mountains of North-west 

 China. 



NUTCRACKER. Nucifraga caryocatactes. 



Accidental visitor ; about a score English records, two Scotch, but no 

 Irish. Resident in the arctic pine-forests of Europe and Asia from the 

 sierras of Spain to the mountains of Japan and North China. Subject to 

 some local variation. 



GOLDEN ORIOLE. Oriolus galbula. 



Irregular summer visitor to England, accidental visitor to Scotland and 

 Ireland. Breeds in Algeria, Europe south of the Baltic, Persia, Russian 

 Turkestan, and South Siberia as far east as the Altai range. Winters in 

 Africa as far south as Natal and Damara Land. 



Subfamily LANIIN^. 



GREAT GREY SHRIKE, Laniiis excubitor, 



Rare winter visitor. Breeds in Europe north of the Alps and south of 

 the Arctic Circle. Erom the coldest parts of its range migrates in autumn 

 to Asia Minor. 



