Subfamily FRINGILLIN^. 



COMMON CROSSBILL. Loxia curvirostra. 



Local resident. Breeds in most o£ the subarctic pine-forests of North- 

 west Africa, Europe, Siberia, Manchuria, and Japan. Wanders irregularly 

 in hard winters to the nearest temperate climates. Doubtfully distinct 

 allies in Canada and Mexico, 



PAREOT CROSSBILL. Loxia curvirostra pityopsittacus. 



Rare winter visitor. Breeds in Scandinavia, the Baltic Provinces, and 

 North Germany, wandering irregularly in hard winters to the nearest 

 temperate climates. 



AMERICAN WHITE-WINOED CROSSBILL. Loxia leucoptera. 



Accidental visitor ; three British records (Worcester, Devon, Norfolk) . 

 Breeds in the arctic pine-forests of North America, wandering irregularly 

 in hard winters into the Northern States. 



WHITE- WINGED CROSSBILL. Loxia leucoptera bifasciata. 



Rare winter visitor. Breeds in the pine-forests near the Arctic Circle 

 in Europe and Siberia, wandering irregularly in hard winters to the 

 nearest milder climate. 



PINE-GROSBEAK. Carpodacus enucleator. 



Rare winter visitor; only half a dozen records (all English). Circnm- 

 polar species, breeding in the arctic pine-forests of both Continents. 

 Wanders south in winter into the temperate regions. 



SCARLET ROSE-FINCH. Carpodacus erythrinus. 



Accidental visitor; only two British records (Sussex, Middlesex). 

 Breeds in subarctic Europe, as far west as the Baltic, and Siberia, and at 

 high elevations as far south as Asia Minor and North China. Winters in 

 India and Burma. 



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