RED-THROATED PIPIT, Anthus cervinus. 



Accidental visitor; only three British records (Shetland, Sussex, Kent), 

 Breeds in the Arctic Regions of Europe and Asia. Winters in North- 

 east Africa, Persia, India, Burma, South China, and Borneo. 



RICHARD'S PIPIT. Anthus richardi. 



Irregular winter visitor ; sixty English records, one Scotch, no Irish. 

 Breeds in the centre of Asia to lat. 58° in the valley of the Yenesei, 

 to the confines of China in the east, and to the foot of the Pamir in the 

 west and south. Winters in India, Ceylon, Burma, and South China, 



TAWNY PIPIT. Anthus campestris. 



Winter visitor ; a score English records, no Irish or Scotch. Breeds 

 in Algeria, Europe up to lat. 57°, Asia Minor, Russian Turkestan, and 

 South-west Siberia. Winters in North Africa, South Persia, and North- 

 west India. Eastern examples are smaller than western ones. 



ROCK-PIPIT. Anthus obscurus. 



Common resident on the coast. Breeds on the west coast of Europe 

 from the White Sea to the Bay of Biscay. Is resident except in the 

 Arctic Regions. Subject to some local variation. 



ALPINE PIPIT. Anthus spinoletta. 



Accidental visitor ; four British records (all Sussex) . Circumpolar 

 species, breeding on the mountains and wintering in the plains of 

 temperate Europe, Asia, and America, migrating from the coldest parts 

 of its range to the confines of the Tropics. Subject to local variation. 



