553 



genera not being, as yet, established. Artedi first paid 

 attention to the involucrum, which is either universal as 

 well as partial, or only partial, or entirely wanting. This 

 principle has likewise been adopted, as fundamental, by 

 Linnaeus, and his three primary divisions are regulated 

 accordingly. The inequality of the petals affords him a 

 principle for his leading subdivisions, some of the umbel- 

 liferous family having the outermost petals of their exter- 

 nal florets larger than the rest ; while in others all the 

 petals are equal. The former are termed radiant flowers. 

 Another subdivision is taken from the sex of the florets. 

 Some of these, having no germen, are furnished with sta- 

 mens only; and such florets are termed abortive; others, 

 having both germen and stamens, bring their fruit to per- 

 fection, and are therefore denominated fertile." 



On these principles Linnaeus has arranged the umbel- 

 late plants, as maybe seen in his works. Nothing occurs 

 in his manuscript, except the insertion of Hernias next to 

 Eryngium. 



Order 46. Hederacete. The lectures give no new 

 information concerning this order. The six genera stand 

 as in the Genera Plantarum; Panax, Aralia, Zanthoxy- 

 lum, Hedera, Vitis, and Cissus. 



Order 47. Stellate. " This order was founded by 

 Ray, and received its name from the leaves of most of the 

 plants which compose it being placed, four, six, or eight 

 together, in the form of a star, round the stem. It is un- 

 usual to see more than two leaves opposite to each other, 

 nor is it the case here. For two of these only are pro- 

 perly leaves, the rest being no other than stipulas, grown 

 to the size of leaves. This appears evident in several 

 Indian plants of the present order, as Knoxia, Diodia, 

 Stc. which have only two opposite leaves, though between 

 these some small acute stipulas are found, being the same 

 that in the rest of the order attain the magnitude of leaves. 

 Ray believed all the plants of this order to have whorled 

 leaves, which is generally the case, as far as regards those 



