554 



of European growth, but rarely with the Indian ones, of 

 which few were known in his time." 



" In this order there is no tree, unless perhaps Lippia ; 

 there are very few shrubs, most of the tribe being small 

 herbs, growing in barren earth, or coarse sand." 



" The roots are in many instances perennial. Leaves 

 opposite, horizontal, mostly rough. Stipulas of the form 

 and aspect of leaves, so that it is impossible to say whe- 

 ther they be truly such or not, hence the leaves appear 

 whorled ; but this does not hold good universally. In 

 those however which have no leafy stipulas, there is found, 

 at each side, a sort of toothed membrane, connecting the 

 leaves together, and occupying the place of stipulas." 



" The stem is jointed, with mostly tumid knots. Co- 

 rolla of one petal, either flat, wheel-shaped, or funnel- 

 shaped ; in one genus bell-shaped ; mostly four-cleft, 

 sometimes almost down to the base ; rarely five-cleft. 

 Stamens four, never eight, though sometimes five or six, 

 in which case the corolla has a parallel number of seg- 

 ments. Pistil solitary, divided ; in Richardia three-cleft, 

 because that genus has a six-cleft corolla, six stamens, 

 and a three-grained fruit, its parts of fructification being 

 all augmented in a similar proportion. Those parts are 

 not augmented with the same regularity in genera fur- 

 nished with a three-cleft corolla, and five stamens, for 

 their pistil is still bifid, and their fruit two-grained, as is 

 the case with such as have a four-cleft corolla and four 

 stamens. 



" The fruit is, for the most part, inferior ; though su- 

 perior in Houstonia ; and in Crucianella superior with re- 

 spect to the calyx, though inferior to the corolla." This 

 is incorrect, for Crucianella has a real superior perianth, 

 like the rest of the order, though so small as to be hardly 

 discernible ; what Linnaeus here terms calyx, being an in- 

 volucrum, or perhaps bracteas. " The sexes are rarely 

 separated in this order, though Valantia, which is poly- 

 gamous, can by no means be excluded from it. Many of 



