84 Principles of Plant Culture. 
has been injured by over-pruning or severe cold. Such 
buds are called adventitious. It is, however, often difficult 
or impossible to distinguish between adventitious buds, and 
those that have been previously overgrown (130). 
The roots of many plants, as the plum, cherry, raspberry 
etc., develop adventitious buds freely, especially when in- 
jured, a fact often utilized in propagation by root cuttings 
(376). 
132. Leaf-Buds,-- Flower-Buds. Buds may contain 
only rudimentary leaves, or they may contain rudimentary 
flowers, with or without leaves. The former are called leaf- 
or wood-buds, the latter flower- or fruit-buds. Flower-buds 
are modified leaf-buds. Both originate in the cambium 
layer, and are normally located at the apex of the stem, or 
in the axil of a leaf (128, 129). 
133. Flower-Buds are often Readily Distinguished 
from Leaf-Buds, by location and appearance, the same sea- 
son in which they are formed, which enables the fruit grower | 
to anticipate his crop. In the peach and apricot, and in 
some varieties of the plum* a flower-bud is normally formed 
on each side of the leaf-bud in the young shoots of bearing 
trees (Fig. 56). In the apple and pear, the flower-buds are 
less definitely located, but are mostly formed on the short, 
thick, wrinkled, and crooked branches from wood three or 
more years old (fruit spurs) (Figs. 41, 42). In some fruits, 
as the apple, cherry and peach, the flower-buds are usually 
thicker and more rounded than the leaf-buds, especially to- 
ward spring. Close and persistent observation will enable 
the horticulturist to early distinguish the flower-buds in 
many of his perennial plants. 
* Certain varieties of Prunus angustifolia and Prunus triflora. 
