206 Principles of Plant Culture. 
For whip-grafting (390), where waxed cord, cloth or paper 
is used, the beeswax may be omitted from the above for- 
mula, or one-half more tallow may be added. 
388. Grafting Cord is made by soaking balls of com- 
mon wrapping twine in melted grafting wax. 
389. Grafting Paper is made by painting thin manilla 
wrapping paper with melted grafting-wax. For painting, 
the paper is preferably spread out on a board of the exact 
size of the sheet; to prevent too rapid cooling of the wax 
the board should be heated. The wax should be heated hot 
enough to spread easily, but not so hot that it is absorbed 
by the paper. Sometimes very thin muslin or calico is used 
instead of paper. 
Grafting paper and grafting cloth should be stored in a 
cool, moist place; otherwise they soon lose their adhesive- 
ness. 
Many kinds of cion grafting slightly differing in details 
have been described, but the more important are whip- 
grafting, cleft-grafting and side-grafting. 
390. In Whip-Grafting (splice-grafting, tongue-graft- 
ing) the cion and stock, which should be of about the same 
thickness, are both cut off with a sloping cut, about an inch 
long, after which a tongue is formed on each by splitting 
the wood longitudinally a short distance (Figs. 106, 107). 
In joining, the tongue of the cion is inserted into the 
split of the stock, so that the cambium line of the cion and 
stock coincide on one edge, and the two are crowded to- 
gether with considerable force, after which the joint is 
wrapped with a narrow strip of grafting paper or grafting 
cloth (389), or wound with grafting cord (388). Sometimes 
the joints are simply tied with unwaxed cord. 
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