208 Principles of Plant Culture. 
Some nurserymen prefer to make but a single stock from 
one root (“ whole-root” grafts). 
Fie. 103. Fie. 104. Fic. 105, Fic.106. Fic.107. Fre.108. Fie. 109. 
Fig. 103. Grafting knife. This should be of excellent steel. The curved blade 
is not essential. 
Fig. 104. Cion used for whip-, rovt- or cleft-grafting, one-fourth natural size. 
Fig. 105. Seedling root, used in root-grafting, one-fourth natural size. 
Fig. 106. Cion shaped ready for insertion. The split should be in the center of 
the wood, rather than near one side, as in the figure; reduced nearly one-half. 
Fig. 107. Portion of seedling root, shaped to receive the cion. 
Fig. 108. The cion and portion of root, put together. ° 
Fig. 109. The same as Fig. 108, wrapped with grafting paper. 
