Appendix. 263 
Effects of transplanting on root branching (105). Study 
young plants of lettuce, tomato, cabbage etc., that have 
been pricked off, and compare their roots with those of 
others that have not been pricked off. 
Relation of roots to food supply (112). Plant seeds of the 
radish in saucers containing clean sand and potted soil re- 
spectively, and when the seedlings have attained some size, 
wash out and examine the roots in the two soils. 
Root tubercles (113). Study the roots of young clover 
plants of various ages, and note how early in the develop- 
ment of the plant the tubercles are discernable. 
Underground stems (115). Study the development of the 
potato plant from growing specimens, noting the points at 
which the tuber-bearing stems originate, and the marked 
difference between these and the roots. 
Nodes and internodes (116). Observe the nodes in the 
stems of many plants, noting the relation of the diameter 
of the young stem to the length of the internodes; also, note 
the undeveloped internodes near the terminus of the stem. 
Buds (128). Study specimens of leaf-buds from many 
plants, noting their structure, position etc. 
Flower-buds (133). Study the form and location of the 
flower-buds in many plants, particularly in fruit trees. 
Parts of the flower (141). Study the parts of the flower, 
explaining the function of each part. 
Perfect and imperfect flowers (154). Study these as pro- 
duced by several different plants, particularly of the straw- 
berry. 
Degree of maturity necessary to germination (163). Test 
seeds of Indian corn, pea, tomato etc., that were gathered 
at varying stagesy of maturity. 
Seed vitality limited by age (165). Test seeds of lettuce, 
parsnip, onion etc., 1 year, 2 years and 5 years old respectively. 
Stratification of seeds (170). Perform the process, as de- 
scribed, in boxes or large flower pots. 
Sun-scald (186). Require each student to make a lath 
tree protector (Fig. 58). 
Winter protection of plants (202). Protect half-hardy 
shrubs by wrapping them with straw or covering them with 
earth. 
Foretelling frost (207). Devote an exercise to the use of 
the psychrometer and the computation of the dew point. 
