Index. 269 
Frost, conditions that tend to avert, 
125; how foretold, 122; plants injured 
by, how saved from serious damage, 
115; liability to, depending compara- 
tively little upon latitude, 126; local- 
ities most subject to, 125; methods of 
preventing injury by, 127. 
Frozen tissues, treatment of, 115. 
Fruit, 98; or flowers, pruning for, 244; 
thinning of, 99, 244. 
Fruitfulness promoted by restricting 
growth current, 60. 
Fruiting, obstructing growth current to 
promote, 245; root pruning to pro- 
mote, 245. 
Fruits and vegetables, cracks in, caused 
by excessive moisture, 130; rarely 
develop without fecundation. 98; 
ripening of, 100. 
Fungi, 165; endophytic, 166; epiphytic, 
171; methods of controlling, 166. 
Fungicides, 166. 
Fungous diseases, need of consulting 
specialists in, 172. 
Gathering and storing of seeds, 100. 
Genera, how formed, 18. 
Generic, named defined, 19. 
Genus, how formed, 18. 
Germinating power, duration of, 101. 
Germination defined, 23; dependent on 
stage of maturity of seeds, 100; has- 
tened by compacting soil, 27; hastened 
by mutilating seed-case, 29; hastened 
by soaking seeds, 28; in water, 26; 
moisture essential to, 24; not hindered 
by light, 31; oxygen essential to, 25; 
promptness in, important, 27; requis- 
ites for, 26; retarded by excess of 
water, 27; seed-case in, 31; tempera- 
ture at which takes place, 25; time 
required for, 30; warmth essential to, 
24; when completed, 23. 
Germinations, earlier form more vigor- 
ous plantlets, 36. 
Girdling, killing trees by, 59. 
Glumes, 94. 
Gophers, damage from, 148. 
Gormands on fruit trees, 130. 
Graft, 203. 
Grafting, approach-, 204, 217; cion-, 204; 
cleft-, 206, 209; -cord, 206; herbaceous, 
211; how possible, 52; objects of, 203; 
-paper, 206; plants uniting by, 203; 
propagation by, 202; root-, 207; side-, 
206, 210: top-, 207; veneer-, 211; -wax, 
how made, 205; whip-, 206. 
Grafts, whole- root, 208. 
Graminee, flowers of, 94. 
Grass family, flowers of, 94. 
Grasshoppers, 157. 
Greenhouse, 190; heating devices for, 
191. 
Growing point defined, 49. 
Growth by cell division, 15; cutting 
back new,to promote flowering, 244; 
decline of, 105; defined, 15; in diame- 
ter, of stems, 51; of roots in length, 
67; pruning for, 242; relation of, to 
reproduction, 16; retarded by insuf- 
ficient moisture in soil, 132; tardy 
starting after transplanting, 233; wa- 
ter necessary to, 43. 
Growth current, obstructing, to promote 
flowering and fruiting, 245; restric- 
tion of, 60. 
Guard-cells, 47, 48. 
Hardiness defined, 13; of plants, 106. 
Healing of wounds, 53. 
Health defined, 13. 
Heat, excessive, how affecting plants, 
110. 
Hedge shears, 248. 
Heeling-in plants, 223. 
Hellebore powder, 152, 153. 
Hemp, broom rape of, 164. 
Harbaceous grafting, 211. 
Herbaceous stems defined, 51. 
Heredity, and variation, 16. 
Hermaphrodite flowers, 97. 
Hoarfrost, cause of, 121. 
Horizontal extent of roots, 73. 
Host (of parasites) defined, 20. 
Hotbed, the, 188. 
Hotbeds require care in ventilation, 66. 
Hot water for destroying insects, 156; 
treatment for grain smut, 167. 
