Index. 
Monocotyledones defined, 35. 
Monecious flowers, 97. 
Mound-layering, 180. 
Mulching tends to prevent drought, 133; 
transplanted stock, 232. 
Muriate of potash, 145. 
Names, scientific, why used, 19. 
Nitrates in the soil, sources of, 142. 
Nitrification, 142, 143. 
Nitrogen, 142, 144; in protoplasm, 42; 
in rain and snow, 144; sources of in 
plant, 42; stimulates growth, 140. 
Nodes, defined, 76. 
Northerly exposure least trying to 
plants in winter, 120. 
Nursery trees benefited by transplant- 
ing, 73. 
Objects of grafting, 203; of pruning, 237. 
Oedema in plants, caused by excessive 
watering, 129. 
Optimum defined, 24. 
Organic manures, partially decomposed, 
act more promptly than fresh ones, 
143. 
Organic matter, 
soil, 65. 
Osmosis defined, 58. 
Ovary, 92. 
Overbearing should be prevented, 99. 
Ovule, 92. , 
Oxygen essential to germination, 25; 
necessary to life of roots, 63; source of 
in plants, 42. 
importance of, in 
Packing plants for transportation, 222. 
Pales, 94. 
Palets, 94. 
Palisade cells, 47. 
Parasites, animal, 148; defined, 20; flow- 
ering or phanerogamic, 164; fungous, 
165; injurious, 147; vegetable, 164. 
Parenchyma, 49. 
Paris green, 151. 
Pear, blight of, 166, 246. 
Perfect flowers, 97. 
Persian, insect powder, 153. 
Petals, 91. 
Phosphorus, 145; part played by in 
plants, 43. 
271 
Picturesqueness, pruning for, 239. 
Pinching defined, 234; stimulates 
branching, 78; to promote flowering, 
24.4 
Pistil, 92. 
Pith, 50. 
Plant food, elements essential in, 42; 
elements of, likely to be deficient, 43: 
from soil must be dissolved by soil 
water, 42; in soil, reduced by crop 
growing, 141; sources of, 41. 
Plant improvement, reasons for, how 
explained, 249. 
Planting, too close, causes deficient 
light, 137; trees, directions for, 225-227; 
with reference to chance crossings, 
257; with reference to pollination, 97. 
Plantlet, inner structure of, 46; may 
need help to burst seed-case, 33; prin- 
cipal parts of, 39; vigor of, propor- 
tionate to size of seed, 36; visible in 
seed, 38. 
Plant life, round of, 108. 
Plant manipulation, 175; propagation, 
175. 
Plant, directions for lifting the, 219; re- 
moving the, 221. 
Plant tissues, brittleness of, 57; killed 
by drying, 134; toughness of, caused 
by drought, 132. 
Plants, abnormal development of, due to 
insufficient light, 136; affected by un- 
favorable environment, 110; differ- 
ence in water requirments of, 129; 
distance apart for growing, 79; domes- 
tic, defined, 11; have improved under 
culture, 250; heeling-in, 223; injured by 
excessive moisture in the air, 131; in- 
juriously affected by parasites, 147; 
only can assimilate food from mineral 
substances, 41: packing for transpor- 
tation, 222; potted require drainage, 
' 67; potting and shifting, 229; power of, 
to endure cold, 114; preparation of, for 
replanting, 224; rapid-growing, re- 
quire much water, 128;shading after 
transplanting, 233; those who improve 
are true benefactors, 258. 
Plants under glass liable to suffer from 
