a ng i : bepatiie 
Index. 
Tongue grafting, 206. 
Tool for injecting poisonous liquids, 
161. 
Top grafting, 207. 
Topping defined, 234; tobacco, 242, 246. 
Transpiration, amount of, 56; condi- 
tions affecting, 55; current, 57; de- 
fined, 55; excessive, 56; excessive, 
caused by insufficient moisture in the 
air, 131; increases with degree of heat, 
110. 
Transplanting plants, shading, 233; wa- 
tering. 233. 
Transplanted stock, tardy starting of, 
233. 
Transplanter, Baldridge, 229; 
229. 
Transplanting, 218; benefits nursery 
trees, 73; endured best by vigorous 
plants, 218; most favorable time for, 
219; stimulates root branching, 71; 
devices for, 227. 
Transplanting tools, Richards’, 228. 
Trapping insects, 150. 
Tree trunks split open by severe freez- 
ing, 117. 
Trees, bundling for transportation, 223; 
detrimental to neighboring crops, 57; 
directions for planting, 226; killing 
by girdling, 59: lifted or lowered to 
accommodate grading, 221; lifting 
large, 220; nursery, benefitted by 
transplanting, 73; puddling roots of, 
222; reducing top of, prior to plant- 
ing, 224; sacking roots of, 221; stak- 
ing, to prevent shaking by wind, 227. 
Trimming defined, 234; roots prior to 
planting, 224. 
Tuber, the, 183. 
Tubercles on roots, 75. 
Turn of the year, 108. 
Bemis, 
Underground stems, 76. 
Unhealed wounds introduce decay, 237. 
Unisexual flowers, 97. 
Unpacking plants, 223. 
Variability of offspring of crosses and 
hybrids, 20; of plants, 250. 
Variation, and heredity, 16; how can 
we produce, 252; may take place in 
275 
any direction, 16; produced by cross- 
ing, 253; produced by culture, 252; 
produced by growing seedlings, 252. 
Variations, how to fix desirable, 250 ; 
not always permanent, 250. 
Varieties, 18; origin of cultivated, 249. 
Vascular bundles defined, 49. 
Vegetables, cracks in, caused by exces- 
sive moisture, 130. 
Ventilation, hotbeds require care in 
66; soil needs, 66. 
Veneer grafting, 211. 
Vigor defined, 12; of plantlet propor- 
tionate to size of seed, 36; tendencies 
of reduced, 12. ‘ 
Vital part of woody stems, 53. 
Warmth essential to germination, 24. 
Washing the roots of puddled plants, 
224. 
Water, adequate supply of most impor- 
tant, 43; excess of, retards germina- 
tion, 27. 
Water, excessive, in soil destroys roots, 
127; force causing, to rise in stems, 58; 
insufficient, how affecting plants, 131; 
manuring increases capacity of soil 
for, 43; necessary to growth, 43; of 
plants almost wholly absorbed by 
root-hairs, 44; only youngest roots ab- 
sorb, 70; plants contain large amounts 
of, 55; root-hairs absorb, with force, 
70; seeds absorb, by contact, 21. 
Water-sprouts on fruit trees, 130. 
Water supply, unfavorable, the plant as 
affected by, 127. 
Watering, excessive, may produce a 
dropsical condion, 129; copious, at 
intervals preferable to frequent slight 
watering, 129; injudicious, 128; of 
potted plants, 67; recently-trans- 
planted plants, 233. 
Weeds, 172; annual, biennial and per- 
ennial, 172; cause deficient light in 
low-growing crops, 137; how destroy- 
ed, 60; plants as affected by, 172. 
Wet bulb depression, 124. 
Whip-grafting, 206. 
Whole-root grafts, 208. 
