266 SPORT IN NORWAY. 
It is not unusual to see goats feeding on the roofs of houses, 
where the grass grows luxuriantly. A well-made roof will, with 
occasional repairs, last 50 or 60 years. ‘There are many other 
uses to which the ‘‘ Never” is adapted. Thus, near Kongsvin- 
ger, shoes of birch bark are frequently worn. In Gudbrandsdal, 
layers of thin bark are pressed together so as to form a compact 
mass, and are then made into handles for knives. Many years 
ago, also, it was used as papyrus for writing purposes. In 1819, 
one Claus Frimann, a poet, published the life of a noted peasant, 
Sivert Aarflot, from which it appears that the subject of the 
memoir had learned to write on thin sheets of this bark which 
he had prepared. 
Dwarr Bircu (Betula nana, L.).—Grows everywhere in the 
alpine regions, and attains a much higher altitude than any 
other of the species. In the south it descends to about 600 feet 
above the sea. 
Birp Cuerry (Prunus Padus, L. “ Heg ”).—Grows wild over 
the whole country as far north as the river Tand. At Alten, 
lat. 70°, the fruit ripens. Its limit on the mountains is nearly 
the same as that of the birch. Near Laurdal Church, in Thele- 
marken, I have seen a tree measuring, according to Dr. Schtibeler, 
36 feet in height, and the trunk 53 feet in circumference. 
BIRTHWORT, TUBE FLOWERED (Aristolochia Sipho, L’Herit).— 
Is cultivated as an ornamental plant as far north as Throndhjem: 
it is not protected during the winter. 
Buiack THorn SLoE (Prynus opinosa, L. “ Slaape”)—Grows 
wild on the south coast up to lat. 60°. 
Bucxtuorn (Lhamnus cathartica, L. “ 'Troldber”)—Grows 
wild in the south-eastern valleys up to lat. 60°. The ALDER 
BucxtHorn (ft. Frangula, L. “ Brakal” or “ Troldheg”) ex- 
tends up to the polar circle. 
Doewoon (Cornus sanguinea, L. “ Cornel-Kirsebzer ”).—Grows 
wild as far north as lat 60°. 
Exim (Ulmus campestris, L. “ Alm”).—Is common up to lat. 
66°. No woods of elm, however, are found in Norway. It 
attains an altitude on the mountains intermediate to that of fir 
and birch. 
GUELDER Rose (Viburnum opulus, L. “ Krosved”).—Very 
common: up to lat. 69° has the same altitude as the spruce fir. 
HawTHorn (Cratcegus Oxyacantha, L. “ Hagtorn”).—Grows 
