BUCKLER MUSTARD, 



39 



very different in the eyes of a bo- ' 

 tanist, but bearing considerable re- 

 semblance to each other in the eyes 

 of an amateur. They are both found 

 wild in hedges and thickets, through 

 which they contrive to insinuate 

 their long slender stems and 

 branches, hanging from tree to tree ; ; 

 they have both greenish -white in- ! 

 conspicuous flowers ; the fruit of i 

 both consists of bunches of showy | 

 red berries ; and they have tuberous 

 roots, of a very acrid nature. They j 

 are also dioecious ; but this is the 

 only botanical resemblance between 

 them. The White Bryony {Bryonia 

 diolca) belongs to the natural oi'der j 

 CucurbitaceEe, and it is the only Bri- 1 

 tish plant belonging to that order. 

 Its leaves are rough and palmate ; \ 

 its flowers have a calyx and a corolla, i 

 both of which are five-cleft, and its \ 

 stem is climbing and furnished with 

 numerous tendrils. The Black 

 Bryony (Tdmus coimmmis) has, on 

 the contrary, smooth, shining, heart- 

 shaped leaves of a very deep and 

 glossy green ; the flowers consist of 

 only one covering, which is six-cleft, 

 and the stem is twining without 

 tendrils. The names of black and 

 white Bryony allude to the colour of 

 the skin covering the thick fleshy 

 roots, which in one species is black 

 and in the other white. The root 

 of the White Bryony may easily be 

 made to grow in any shape that 

 may be wished, by placing it when 

 young in an earthenware mould. 

 This curious property was formerly 

 frequently taken advantage of by 

 designing people, who, having thus 

 obtained roots of frightful forms, 

 exhibited them for money as natural 

 curiosities. 



Buck-eye. — The American name 

 for the smooth-fruited Horse-chest- 

 nut. — See Pa'via. 



Buckler Mustard.— See Biscu- 



BucKTHORN. — See Eha'mnus. 



Budding is an operation for pro- 

 pagating ligneous plants, as a substi- 

 tute, in particular cases, for graft- 

 ing, or other modes of propagation. 

 In floriculture, it is more partictl^ 

 larly used for propagating select 

 species of Roses. The time of per- 

 forming the operation is from July 

 to September ; and the mode is as 

 follows : — The first thing to be done 

 is to select a young shoot of the cur- 

 rent year, from which the bud is to 

 be taken, and a stock of one or of 

 several years' growth, into which 

 the bud is to be inserted. The bud 

 is cut out with a portion of the bark 

 and the wood attached above and 

 below the foot-stalk of a leaf, in the 

 axil of which leaf the bud is situated. 

 To do this, a shai-p penknife or 

 buu ding-knife is inserted in the 

 shoot, about three-fourths of an 

 inch below the bud, and passed up 

 beneath the bud to about half an 

 inch above it ; the bud, vith the 

 bark and wood to which it is at- 

 tached, is then held in the left hand, 

 and with a knife in the right hand 

 the thin film of wood is quickly 

 picked out, leaving the bud attached 

 to a piece of bark, technically called 

 the shield. A slit is then made in 

 the back of the stock, about one- 

 third of an inch in length, and a 

 transverse cut is made within one- 

 fourth of an inch of the upper part 

 of the longitudinal slit. The bark 

 is opened on both sides of the longi- 

 tudinal slit by means of a thin flat 

 piece of bone or ivory ; or, in Nur- 

 sery practice, with the end of the 

 handle of the knife, which is made 

 thin on purpose. The bud is now 

 inserted in its natural position, ^ith 

 the bud looking upwards, and a 

 portion of the upper part of the 

 bark to which the bud is attached 

 is cut across, so as to fit to the 

 transverse cut which was formed in 



