CITRUS. 



63 



eluded in the genus Cineraria, to 

 Senecio. 



CiRC^^A. — Onagracece. — En- 

 chanter's Nightshade. A pretty 

 little Britisli plant, growing in any 

 soil and situation. 



Ci'sTUS. — Cisthiece. — The Eock 

 Rose. — Beautiful hardy and half 

 hardy shrubs, which grow freely in 

 a mixture of loam and peat, and 

 are readily increased by cuttings 

 planted under a hand-glass, layers, 

 or seeds, which are ripened in 

 abundance. Most of the species are 

 of low growth, and are generally 

 used for rockwork ; but some are 

 tall handsome shrubs, such as the 

 Gum Cistus (C. cyprius and C. la- 

 daniferus), and the purple-flowered 

 Cistus {C. purpureus). The dwarf 

 kinds, being generally rather tender, 

 will require a slight protection 

 during severe winters, when they 

 are planted out on rockwork. 



CiTEUS L. — Aurantiacece. — The 

 genus Citrus includes Oranges, 

 Lemons, Limes, Citrons, Shaddocks, 

 &c., all well deserving cultivation, 

 both for their flowers and their j 

 fruit, but of which only a few kinds i 

 of Oranges and Lemons are gene- j 

 rally grown. They all thrive well 

 in a mixture of rich loam with a 

 little rotten dung ; but great care is 

 necessary not to overpot them, or to 

 give them too much water when not 

 in a growing state. On the Conti- 

 nent, they are indeed frequently 

 kept during winter in a cellar, almost I 

 without either light or water, and j 

 brought into the open air during j 

 summer. The diflferent species and 

 varieties are generally propagated 

 by budding, grafting, and inarch- 

 ing on the common Lemon, which 

 grows readily from seed. The best 

 time to do this is in February or 

 March, when the grafts, &c., will 

 take well, and in a very short 

 time : and if grafted on good strong 



stocks, they will make handsome 

 plants by the autumn. As soon 

 as the grafting or budding has been 

 performed, the plants should be set 

 in a close frame on a moderate hot- 

 bed, but not plunged into it, as 

 from the tenderness of their roots, 

 that might injure them. Oranges 

 are also frequently raised from seeds; 

 but unless they are budded or 

 grafted when about two years old, 

 it will be many years before they 

 flower. Orange-trees may also be 

 propagated by cuttings, which are 

 best of the old wood, struck in sand 

 in a gentle bottom -heat, and shaded. 

 Plants raised in this manner flower 

 and fruit much sooner than any 

 others, but they scarcely ever attain 

 a large size. 



Cla'rkia. — Onagracece. — Beau- 

 tiful hardy annuals, with rose- 

 coloured, white, and purple flowers, 

 natives of California, requiring the 

 same treatment as the California 

 annuals. They may, however, be 

 sown in spring ; and as, when this 

 is the case, they are apt to become 

 drawn up, the general appearance of 

 the bed is much improved by sow- 

 ing I\Iignonette with the Clarkia 

 seeds in March or April. 



Clary. — A kind of Sa'ltia. 



Clay. — See Earths. 



Clayto'nia. — Portiddcece. — 

 Hardy herbaceous plants, some an- 

 nual and some perennial, with 

 pretty pink and white flowers, but 

 having rather a weedy appearance. 

 They grow best in a peat border, and 

 are increased by seeds which some- 

 times ripen in abundance. 



Cle'matis. — Ranunculacece. — 

 Half-hardy and hardy climbers ; 

 shrubby and herbaceous ; with 

 white and purple flowers. They 

 are all most desirable plants, of the 

 easiest culture in any light rich soil, 

 and readily propagated by cuttings 

 of the young wood, or seeds, which 



