72 



separated from it by Linnaeus, and 

 formed into tbe genus Ipomr£\i. All 

 tlie stove kinds maybe made to flo^\"er 

 in the open air, during summer, by 

 contriving to keep the roots in heat ; 

 and the hardy species cnly require 

 sowing in the open ground. The 

 hardy kinds of Convolvulus, or 

 Bindweed, have been separated from 

 the others and formed into a genus 

 under the name of Calystegia ; and 

 in 1844, a double-flowered kind was 

 introduced from China by Mr. 

 Fortune, called Calysteyia'pvMscens, 

 being the first double Convolvulus 

 ever known. It is a half-hardy 

 cKmber, requu'ing a rich loamy soil, 

 and being increased by the roots. 

 It flowers in July and August, and 

 its blossoms, which are of a very pale 

 delicate blush colour, or French 

 white, remain open several days. 



Coral Tree. — See ERYTHRrKA, 



Co'rceorus. — Tilidcece. — Hot- 

 house plants, not sufficiently orna- 

 mental to be worthy of general culti- 

 vation. For the vv-ell-known Japan 

 half-hardy shrub, generally called 

 Corchorv^ japCnicus, see Ke'rrta. 



CoREo'psis. — Compositce. — Most 

 of the showy annuals fonnerly known 

 by this name, are now called Calliop- 

 sis, while most of the perennial 

 species are stiU left in the former 

 genus. For the difi"erence between 

 the derivation of the two names, and 

 the cultvire of the anntial species, see 

 Callio'psis. The perennial kinds 

 are quite hardy; but as they are 

 tall-growing spreading plants, they 

 require a great deal of room, and 

 should be planted at the back of the 

 borders. They will grow in any 

 corcmon soil ; and they are propa- 

 gated by division of the roots. 



CoRMS. — Bulbous plants, such as j 

 the Crocus, the diSerent kinds of j 

 Jlor^a, the Babianas, and most of 

 the IridaceaB. Bulbs are of different 

 kinds : those which have a number I 



of coats, or skins, one within the 

 other, like the Hyacinth, which are 

 called tunicated bulbs, and those 

 which consist of a number of scales, 

 only attached to the base, like the 

 Lily ; but what are called corms, are 

 only a solid mass of feculent matter, 

 which modern botanists do not allow 

 to be bulbs, but call underground 

 stems. Corms do not reqiiire taking 

 up so often as bulbs ; and when they 

 are intended to remain for several 

 years in the ground, they should be 

 planted from four to sis inches deep 

 at first ; as every year a new corm 

 will form above the old one ; and 

 thus, if planted too near the surface, 

 the corm, in a fevr years, will be 

 pushed out of the ground. 



Corn Cockle. — See Gtitha'go. 



Cornelian Cherry. — See Co'r- 



NUS. 



Corn Flag. — See Gladi'olus. 



Co'rnus. — Cornaccce. — The Dog- 

 wood. — "SVell-knovrn shrubs, with 

 whitish or yellowish flowers, and 

 dark purple berries. The species are 

 generally ornamental, from the shin- 

 ing red bark of their branches in 

 winter, and the intensely dark 

 piu-plish red of their leaves in 

 autumn. One species, Cornus mas, 

 the Cornelian Cheriy-tree, a native 

 of Europe, is remarkable for the 

 large size and brilliant colour of its 

 fruit ; and another, a native of 

 North America, Cornus florida, for 

 the large size of its involucres, or 

 floral leaves,* which surround its 

 flowers, and which are of a brilliant 

 white inside, and tinged with violet 

 on the outside. All the species are 

 remarkable for the hardness of their 

 wood, and for the great length of 

 time which their seeds v>-ill remaia 

 in the ground before they come up. 

 On this account, when any kind of 

 Cornus is to be raised from seed, 

 the seeds should be steeped in water 

 before sowing ; but, generally speak- 



