112 



FENCES. 



temperate climate like tliat of Bri- 

 tain, is more suitable to evergreens, 

 whiah continue in a growing state 

 nearly all the year. 



In street gardens, besides the ever- 

 green trees and shrubs, it is advisable 

 to select a few evergreen herbaceous 

 plants, sucb as Pinks and Carnations, 

 Wallflowers, &c., to give an agreeable 

 effect to the beds during winter, 

 when they are devoid of flowers. 



Evergreen Thorn. — The Pyra- 

 cantha. — See Crat^'gus. 



Everlasting. — See Gnapha'- 

 iiUM and Helichrt'sum. 



Everlasting Pea. — SeeLA'THv- 



EUS. 



E'xogens. -Dicotyledonousplants. 

 The exogenous plants have received 

 their name because the new wood of 

 their trees and sbi-ubs is deposited on 

 the outside of the old wood, one layer 

 being deposited every year. Thus th e 

 age of a tree may be counted by the 

 number of its layers, shown by its 

 wood when the trunk is cut down. 

 The soil in which the tree was grown, 

 and even the weather in the different 

 years, may be guessed in the same 

 manner ; as the layers of trees grown 

 in rich valleys are much thicker than 

 those of trees grown in poor soils on 

 mountains ; and the layers deposited 

 in damp cold summers are thicker 

 than those of dry warm seasons. 

 When trees have grown in a wood, 

 with one side of the trunk fully 

 exposed to the sun, and the other 

 shaded by the other trees, a differ- 

 ence is veiy perceptible in the layers. 

 , Exogenous trees have medullary rays 

 iu their wood, and leaves with reti- 

 culated veins. All the forest-trees 

 Of Britain, and other temperate 

 climates, belon^c to this class. 



"P ABI A^NA. —SolanaceoB. —F. im- 

 -■- hricata is a very beautiful plant, 

 It is a native of Chili, whence it was 



introduced in 1839 ; and, as Dr. 

 Lindley observes in the Botanical 

 Register, "it forms a small bright 

 green shrub, with the habit of a 

 Tamarisk, or rather of a Thuja, and 

 v,-hen in flower is loaded v.'ith snow- 

 white blossoms resembling those of 

 some Heath." It is very nearly 

 hardy, and will live and flower 

 abundantly in the open air, on a 

 south wall, near London. 

 1 Fan Palm. — See Dwarf Fan 

 I Palm. 



i Feather Grass. — Stlpapennata. 

 ' — A beautiful kind of grass, well 

 worth growing to form tufts in flower 

 borders, from its feathery lightness 

 and graceful habit of growth. It 

 should be gro^^oi in light rich soil ; 

 and it is propagated by seeds, or by 

 dividing the roots. 



Fe'dia. — ValerianecB. — Horns. — 

 F. cornucbpice, fonnerly considered 

 to belong to the genus Valeriana, 

 is a coarse-growing, weedy-looking 

 plant, with pink flowers and curious 

 seed-pods, shaped like the figures we 

 see of the Cornucopia, or Horn of 

 Plenty. It is an annual, and the 

 seeds only require sowing in the open 

 border. 



Fences for flower gardens and 

 shnibberies, are either such as are 

 intended tolae invisible, or, more pro- 

 perly, not acknowledged, — such as 

 j barriers of wire, or light iron rods, and 

 sunk fences ; or such as are intended 

 to be acknowledged, and to form part 

 of the landscape, — such as architec- 

 tural parapets and hedges. Wire 

 fences are commonly formed of light 

 ! iron posts or stakes, through holes in 

 : which are stretched stout wires or 

 I slender iron rods ; or they are formed 

 j of light iron hurdles, — that is, sepa- 

 I rate iron-frames, which are placed 

 end to end, and can be removed at 

 pleasure. In forming wire fences of 

 stakes and iron wires, there is no 

 I difiiculty when the line of direction 



