JUNIPERUS. 



174 



JUSTICIA. 



and it flowers best against a wall. 

 The flowers have an agreeable and 

 slightly acid taste ; and they are 

 eaten in France, fried in batter as 

 fritters. There are several varieties, 

 but the only other species is C. ca- 

 nadensis, a native of North America. 

 As these plants bear abundance of 

 seed, and grow rapidly, they are often 

 raised from seed ; and hence the 

 great number of varieties. They may 

 also be propagated by layers. 



Jujube Tree. — The lozenges 

 called Jujubes are made from the 

 fruit of Zizyphus vulgaris, which 

 ripens abundantly in the neighbour- 

 hood of Paris ; but the real Jujube - 

 tree is Z. Jujuba, a native of the 

 East Indies, which requires a stove 

 in Europe. Both are neai'ly allied 

 to Paliurus, or Christ's Thorn. 



JuLiBRi'ssiN. — This beautiful 

 tree, which is a kind of Acacia, is 

 called the Silk-tree, from the abun- 

 dance and silkiness of its long, fine, 

 tassel -like blossoms. It is rather 

 tender in England, but it grows 

 freely in Italy. — See Aca'cia. 



Juniper, — See Jtjni'perus. 



JuNi'PERUS. — ConifercB, § Cu- 

 jpressince. — The Juniper. — Ever- 

 green shrubs, natives of different 

 parts of the world, but most of 

 which are hardy in British gardens. 

 They all thrive in common soil 

 mixed with sand, or in heath- 

 moidd ; and they are generally pro- 

 pagated by seeds, though they will 

 all root from cuttings. /. communis, 

 a native of Britain, of which there 

 are several varieties, is a very 

 common hardy evergreen, sometimes 

 found in the form of a low bush, 

 and at others in that of a conical 

 tree, like the Cypress. It bears 

 clipping, makes excellent garden 

 hedges, and was formerly cut into a 

 great variety of shapes. The fruit 

 is used throughout Europe to flavour 

 ardent spirits (the spirit called Hol- 



lands being made from it), and the 

 wood is burned in ovens or kilns to 

 flavour dried beef, hams, or fish. 

 /. Tirginiana, the Red Cedai", is 

 one of the most common of small 

 evergreen trees, or large shrubs. It 

 is raised from seeds, and the male 

 and female plants being of different 

 sizes, the individuals vary exceed- 

 ingly in their form and manner of 

 growth ; so that a number of plants 

 of this species may exist in a 

 shrubbery or pleasure-ground, and 

 yet not two of them be alike. /. 

 excelsa is a tall Cypress-like-shrub, 

 or low tree, very hardy and very 

 ornamental. /. recfirva, a native 

 of Nepal, is a very elegant plant, 

 with drooping shoots, Avell adapted 

 for cemeteries. It is one of the 

 hardiest of the species, and thrives 

 even in the smoke of London. /. 

 Sahhia, the common Savin, is one 

 of our most ancient garden shrubs, 

 being almost the only coniferous 

 evergreen planted in the time of 

 Queen Elizabeth ; and there are 

 several varieties of this species, all 

 of which are beautiful. The fra- 

 grance of all the Junipers is resin- 

 ous and refreshing, and many of the 

 kinds are used in medicine. The 

 wood used in making lead pencils, 

 is generally that of the red cedar ; 

 or of the Barbadoes Cedar, Cedrela 

 odorata, which last is a stove plant 

 in England. 



JusTi'ciA. — A canthacece. — Stove 

 plants, with showy and curious 

 flowers. They require a rich light 

 soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, 

 and flower freely with moderate 

 care. They are propagated by cut- 

 tings, which strike readily in sand, 

 under a hand-glass, and with bottom- 

 heat. Justicia hracteolata, now 

 called Thy rs acanthus bracteolatus, 

 is an extremely handsome plant, as 

 when grown in a stove it produces 

 its pretty lilac flowers all the winter. 



