MARSH PLANTS. 



195 



MARTTNIA, 



require tlie thoroughly decomposed 

 manure, but strong vigorous plants 

 "which grow all the summer, such as 

 Dicotyledonous annuals and peren- 

 nials, may be manured with materials 

 in a less decomposed state. All 

 manures should be preserved in com- 

 pact masses, so as to present as small 

 a surface to the action of the atmos- 

 phere as possible, and a shaded 

 situation is consequently preferable 

 to one exposed to the free action of 

 the sun and air. 



Mara'nta. — Cdnnece. — The 

 Indian Arrow-root. — Stove-plants, 

 with tuberous roots and small white 

 flowers. The powder called Arrow- 

 root is made from the tubers. 



Mare's-tail. — See Hippu'ris. 



Ma'rica. — Iridece. — Fibrous- 

 rooted plants, with very ornamental 

 flowers, greatly resembling those of 

 the Cape bulbs ; natives of Africa, 

 some of which require a stove and 

 others a greenhouse in England, For 

 culture, see Amary'llis. 



Marigold. — See Cale'ndula. 



Marjoram. — See Op.i'ganum. 



Marsh Marigold. — Cdltha pa- 

 liistris.—A British marsh or aquatic 

 plant, sometimes introduced in ponds 

 and other artificial pieces of water, in 

 garden scenery, to give them a natural 

 appearance, or to hide their termina- 

 tion. The plants only require to be 

 planted in the muddy banks of the 

 water, if it be a pond ; but if it be a 

 river, they should have a stone or 

 two laid on their roots to prevent 

 them from being washed away by the 

 stream. 



Marsh Plants are of different 

 Mnds : those which grow in common 

 soil, saturated with moisture through- 

 out the year ; those which grow in 

 soil, saturated or covered with water 

 during winter and spring; and those 

 which grow in peat-bogs. A few of 

 them are ornamental ; such as Meny- 

 dnthes trifolidta and Comarum pa- 



lustre, which are proper Marsh 

 Plants ; Damasoniuni vuh/dre, and 

 Ranunculus Lingua and Fldmmula, 

 which grow in soils sometimes dry 

 during summer ; and Parndssia 

 palustris, which grows in peat-bogs 

 and springy soils. In gardens, bogs 

 are easily imitated, by placing the 

 soil in pots, or sunk boxes, with 

 retentive bottoms and sides, so as to 

 retain water. Where there is an 

 aquarium, or pond for plants, it is 

 very often surrounded with a broad 

 border or margin of soil, raised a few 

 inches above the level of the water 

 in the pond, and which is kept 

 moist by the exudation of the water. 

 To prevent the exudation from exten- 

 ding farther than the border, the 

 bottom and the outer margin are 

 formed of masonry lined with clay. 

 A very common mode, and one of the 

 best, is to place the plants in pots or 

 tubs, and to set these on supports in 

 the water, so that the bottom of the 

 pot or tub may be only a few inches 

 covered by it. In this way the soil 

 about the plant is kept sufficiently 

 moist without the risk of any excess. 

 Among Marsh Plants may be reck- 

 oned the different kinds of Sedge, 

 some of which are very ornamental ; 

 the Buck-bean, the "Water Yiolet, 

 the Sweet-scented Rush, the Forget- 

 me-not, the Marsh Bedstraw, and 

 many others. 



Martagon Lilt. — Those Lilies 

 which have the segments of the 

 perianth so completely turned back, 

 as to form no bad representation of a 

 Turk's cap. In the midland counties 

 these flowers are called Tumagain- 

 gentlemen. For their culture, see 

 Li'lium. 



y Marty'nia, — Pedalhiece. — HaK 

 hardy annuals, with very oily seeds, 

 which require to be raised on a hot- 

 bed, but which may be planted out 

 in May. M. frdgrans is the most 

 beautiful. 



