283 



situation should be sheltered, and 

 partially shaded ; as, if the collar of 

 the plant should be exposed to the 

 burning heat of the sun, so as to 

 become withered, the plant will die 

 off suddenly. It is also very easily 

 killed by the collar being exposed to 

 stagnant moisture. ^Yhen grown in 

 pots, it should be frequently shifted, 

 always into pots only a little larger 

 than the previous ones, so as to 

 make the plant bushy. It varies 

 very much, according to the soil and 

 situation in which it is grown ; and 

 if kept through the winter in a 

 greenhouse, it will become partially 

 woody, like the Mignonette. There 

 are many different kinds, which are 

 made species by some botanists, but 

 which are now generally allowed to 

 be only varieties. Many gardeners 

 sow the seeds in autumn, and keep 

 the plant in frames all the winter, 

 that they may flower early in spring. 

 Salt-tree. — See Halimode'n- 



DRON. 



Salt-wort. — Salso'la. 



Sa'lvia. — Labidtce. — The Sage. 

 — No one who has only seen the 

 common Sage growing in a kitchen- 

 garden could imagine the splendid 

 flowering plants which belong to the 

 genus Salvia. Some of these, as for 

 example S. formosa, are shrubby, 

 and have dark scarlet flowers ; and 

 others, such as S. patens, have their 

 flowers of the richest blue ; others, 

 such as S. aurea, have golden -yellow 

 flowers ; others, such as *S'. denfdta, 

 have white flowers ; and in others, 

 such as S. involucrata and <S. pur- 

 •purea, the flowers are pui-ple. Be- 

 sides these, some of the kinds have 

 violet flowers, and others pink or 

 crimson : and the different kinds of 

 Clary {S. Hormhiiun) are not culti- 

 vated for their flowers at all, but 

 merely because the points of the 

 shoots are so deeply tinted as to 

 have the appearance of flowers. The 



plants differ in their habits as much as 

 in their flowers ; some are shrubby, 

 some perennial, some biennial, and 

 some annual ; and some are so ten- 

 der as to require a stove ; while 

 others must be kept in a frame or 

 greenhouse ; but the greater part 

 are quite hardy in the open air. All 

 the kinds should be grown in a light 

 rich soil ; and they are propagated 

 by cuttings, division of the root, or 

 by seeds, which nearly all the species 

 ripen in great abundance. There 

 are above a hundred and fifty distinct 

 species of Salvia, besides varieties. 



Sa'mbac. — The Indian Jasmine. 

 — See Jasmi^num. 



Sambu^cus. — Capri folihcece. — 

 The Elder.— The Common Elder, 

 Scniucus nigra, is a low tree, sel- 

 dom, if ever, exceeding twenty feet 

 in height, and generally having the 

 character of a shrub rather than that 

 of a tree. The species is not orna- 

 mental, but there is a variety with 

 cut leaves, S. n. lacinidta, which 

 is very much so. The most orna- 

 mental kind of Elder is, however, 

 S. racemosa, with loose panicles of 

 large dark scarlet berries, which 

 look like bunches of small scarlet 

 grapes. All the different kinds of 

 Elder thrive most in rich soil kept 

 moist, and they are propagated by 

 layers, cuttings, and seeds, which 

 ripen freely. They are all quite 

 hardy, and require very little atten- 

 tion from the gardener. 



Sand is an important article in the 

 propagation and culture of plants ; 

 and no good garden, whether small 

 or large, ought to be without a 

 stock of it. Sand, relatively to gar- 

 dening, is of two kinds : pure white 

 silver-sand free from earthy matter 

 and ferruginous particles, which is 

 only found in particular situations ; 

 and common brown or grey sand, 

 which is found in pits either -nith 

 or without gravel, and on shores of 



