SINGLE TREES. 



298 



SINGLE TREES. 



success, and this size "wall vary ac- 

 cording to the kind of shrnb. Ever- 

 green trees of the Pine and Fir 

 tribe, and of the Cypress tribe, the 

 beauty of which depends on their 

 spreading branches, should either 

 be planted in a situation where no 

 fence is requisite, or they should be 

 surrounded with iron hurdles or 

 some other light fence placed five or 

 six feet from the stem of the tree, 

 and extended to a greater distance 

 as the lateral branches advance in 

 length ; but broad-leaved trees, such 

 as most of the Exogens, may be 

 protected by fences placed close to 

 the stem. There are various modes 

 of doing this : fig. 49 shows the 

 mode of protecting by tying thorn 



To protect single trees from the 

 wind, various modes have been 

 adopted ; one of the simplest of 

 which consists in driving a stake 

 into the ground much deeper than 

 the roots of the tree, and tying the 

 trunl? to it with a hayband ; care 

 being taken not to injure the roots 



FIG. 51. — NEWLT-PLAXTED TREE. 



in driving in the stake. There is 

 another mode of fixing a tree, which 

 serves also to protect it ; and this 

 consists in di-iving two pieces of 

 wood into the ground, with their 

 lower extremities spread out, and 

 their upper ones tied to the tree. 



In planting single trees, and in- 

 deed trees of every kind, the greatest 

 possible care should be taken to place 

 them so high above the surface, as 

 that after they have sunk down, as 

 they will do in a few years, they 



PROTECTING BY LATHS. 



branches round the stem, as prac- 

 tised in the Regent's Park, London, 

 and various other places. 



Fig. 50 shows a mode of protect- 

 ing trees from sheep by tying laths 

 round them with wire. In the hori- 

 zontal section, and also in the eleva- 

 tion, a represents the stem of the 

 tree, h the wire, and c the laths. 



FIG. 52.— FULL-GROWN TREE. 



may still appear to stand on a little 

 hillock, or to grow out of a small 

 mound. If we examine thriving 

 trees in a natural wood, we shall 

 always find that the collar — that 

 is, the 130 int of junction between 

 the stem and the roots — rises above 

 the general surface, so as to form a 



