335 



any height rquired. Such walls 

 are always covered with trellis- 

 work, to which the trees or plants 

 are attached. The most generally 

 applicable kind of walls, however, 

 and those which are by far the best 

 for garden purposes, are, as befoi'e 

 observed, those formed of brick. 

 When the wall is not intended to be 

 more than four or five feet in 

 height, it need not exceed nine 

 inches in thickness ; and the thick- 

 ness of fourteen inches will admit of 

 ten feet in height ; the wall in both 

 cases being buUt without piers, 

 which are great impediments to 

 good training. With piers, the height 

 with any given thickness may be 

 increased one -fourth. In no case, 

 however, ought garden walls, or 

 indeed division or fence walls of 

 any kind which have not a load to 

 support perpendicularly, or a pres- 

 sure to resist on one side, to be 

 built with piers. The same object 

 may always be obtained by building 

 the walls hollow ; each side being of 

 the thickness of four inches and the 

 two sides being joined together by 

 cross partitions of four-inch work. 

 An excellent garden wall may thus 

 be raised to the height of twelve or 

 fourteen feet, with the same quan- 

 tity of bricks that would raise a 

 nine-inch wall to that height, with 

 the addition only of the bricks 

 necessary to form cross partitions 

 at every three or four feet. The 

 width of the wall may either be 

 fourteen or eighteen inches, the 

 vacuity in the former case being 

 five inches, and in the latter nine 

 inches. Where it is desired to save 

 the expense of a coping, the sides of 

 the wall may be gradually con- 

 tracted towards the top, so as to 

 finish with a coping of bricks set on 

 edge crosswise ; but no wall in- 

 tended for fruit-trees or for tender- 

 flowering shrubs should ever be 



built without a protecting coping, 

 because the rains run down the face 

 of the wall, and render it moist 

 and cold at those seasons when dry- 

 ness and heat are most wanting, 

 viz., in spring, when the buds are 

 bursting, and in autumn, when the 

 young wood is ripening. The same 

 moisture and its alternation with 

 dryness, rots the mortar in the 

 joints of the bricks, and greatly 

 injures and disfigures the face of the 

 wall. When, therefore, walls are 

 built without projecting copings, the 

 exterior joints ought invariably to 

 be pointed with stucco, as in France 

 and Italy, or with Roman cement. 

 Walls of nine inches in thickness, 

 and even four-inch walls, if built in 

 a winding or zigzag direction, may 

 be Ccvrried to a considerable height 

 without either having piers or being 

 built hollow ; and such walls an- 

 swer perfectly for the interior of 

 gardens. Hollow walls of every 

 description may also be built at less 

 expense by placing the bricks on 

 edge instead of being laid flat ; and 

 not only garden walls, but those of 

 cottages and farm-buildings may be 

 constructed in this manner. Length- 

 ened details on this subject wiU be 

 found in Mr. Loudon's Encyclo- 

 pedia OP Cottage, FARii, and 

 Villa Architecture, and in his 

 Villa Gardener. 



For further particulars respecting 

 the use of walls in ornamental gar- 

 dens, see Conservative Wall. 



Warratah. — See Telo^pea. — 

 There is also a Warratah Camellia ; 

 so called because its bright crimson 

 colour resembles that of the true 

 Warratah plant or Telopea of Botany 

 Bay. 



Water, in gardening, may be 

 considered with reference to its use 

 in vegetable culture, and to its eftect 

 in landscape. When water is too 

 abundant in any soil, it is to be 



