260 WEED FLORA OF IOWA 



oblong or oval; flowers nearly white; globose nutlets which are 

 flattened and barbed on the back. 



Distribution. — Common especially in woods northward, from 

 New Brunswick to Wisconsin and Minnesota, also from Kansas to 

 Louisiana. Common on borders of woods and in wooded pastures 

 in Iowa. 



Extermination. — Cut the plant the first season a few inches be- 

 low the surface of the ground. When the plants shoot up the sec- 

 ond season give the same treatment. The plants are disseminated 

 by animals. Stray plants along fences should be looked for and 

 destroyed. 



Stickseed (Lappula echinata Gilibert). 



Description. — An erect annual 1-2 ft. high; pale, leafy, hispid 

 with erect branches; leaves linear or linear-oblong; racemes 

 1-sided ; bracteolate ; calyx segments lanceolate ; corolla blue ; nut- 

 lets rough-granulate or tuberculate on the back, the margins with 

 a double row of slender prickles. 



Distribution. — Abundant in waste places along roadsides from 

 eastern Canada and New England to Minnesota, Kansas and Brit- 

 ish Columbia. Weedy in Europe, where it is native. Common 

 along roadsides and gravelly places in eastern Iowa. 



Extermination. — Destroy the plant before the seeds form, by 

 cutting off below the surface of the ground. 



