HISTORY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 863 



Base. The part of an organ nearest its point of support. 



Beard. Awns of grasses; a tuft of hairs, generally stiff and 

 long. 



Biennial. Of two years duration ; a plant germinating one 

 season and maturing seed the next. 



Bract. A modified leaf subtending a flower or flower branch. 



Bracteate. Furnished with bracts. 



Bristle. A short stiff hair. 



Bulb. A leaf bud with fleshy scales; usually subterranean. 



Bulbiferous. Bulb-bearing. 



Callus. A hard protuberance or callosity. 



Calyx. The outer part of the perianth. 



Canescent. Hoary with gray or white pubescence. 



Capillary. Hair-like. 



Capitate. With a globose head. Collected in a head or dense 

 cluster. 



Capsule. Any dry dehiscent fruit composed of more than one 

 carpel. 



Carpel. A simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil. 



Caryopsis. A dry one-seeded indehiscent fruit with a thin, ad- 

 herent pericarp as in many of the grasses. 



Caulicle. The first internode of the stem above the true root. 



Cauline. On the stem. 



Cellulose. Primary cell wall substance. A carbohydrate having 

 the general formula (C fi H 10 O r ,) n. 



Chaff. A small thin scale or bract becoming dry or membranous 

 as in the glume of grasses or bracts on head of composite. 



Chalaza. That part of the ovule where all the parts grow to- 

 gether. 



Chlorophyll. Green coloring matter of plants. 



Chromataphore. The color-granule. 



Ciliate. Having hairs or bristles on margin. 



Circumscissile. Dividing by a transverse circular line as in 

 capsule of purslane. 



Clavate. Club-shaped ; gradually thickened away from the point 

 of attachment. 



Cleft. Having narrow sinuses extending about half-way to 

 base ; as cleft leaf. 



Cleistogamous. Fertilized in bud ; closed flowers. 



Climbing. Rising by laying hold of other objects without 

 twining. 



