53 



at with sufT. aiâ whal is below il 

 sujo — — sujoa — - before il 

 hit — — kitâ — - seaward of il. 

 PERSONAL WORDS. Pronouns , as often' lueulioned, are repre- 

 senled in the flexion of Ihe verbs. Bui if merely Ihe person has lo 

 be expressed, separate words are required. For the third person we 

 find them among the demonstratives mentioned above. The first and 

 second person are expressed by uvanga 1 , and ivdlit thou. Klein- 

 schmidl derives these words from the supposed stems uva and г7е, 

 which, with suffixes for my and thy, could signiOy : my (being) here, 

 thy (being) there. This hypothesis lias been confirmed by Ihe Mac- 

 kenzie grammar in which ivdlit is Huit i. е. thy ile or Но. 



To Ihe particular nouns might also be counted: hise «aloneness» 

 and «tamaq» whole (see the glossary). 



Vekbs and their flexion. 



We have already mentioned the verbal slems, slating that by 

 themselves they are only serviceable as interjections, whereas in 

 order lo become words for ordinary use they have to be furnished 

 with a formative addition. The flexion of verbs in one respect is 

 less complicaled than that of nouns, in as much as only this for- 

 mative addition is altered by it, whereas the stem itself, excepting 

 slight modifications of the final sound, is never afl"ecled by the flexion. 

 But as lo multiplicity of forms the flexion of verbs is by far more 

 complicated. 



THE FLEXION COMPRISES (1) MOODS (2) PERSONS WITH 

 K\DICATION OF THE SUBJECT, (3| SUFFIXES OR THE OBJECT BCT NO 

 TENSES. Whal was formerly considered tenses consists of affixes. 

 Most commonly it already will be given by the context, whether 

 an action is passed or future. 



The first alteration by flexion is for the mood, for which the 

 verbs are divided into 5 classes. As the formative addition is Ihe 

 variable part, one of its forms has to be considered Ihe standard for 

 explaining Ihe others. For this use Ihe 3d person of the indicative 

 with the suffix likewise of the 3d person for transitive verbs, has been 

 selected. The formative addition lo Ihe slera then is poq, voq or oq, 

 with Ihe suffix : pa, va or d. Including the last sound of the slem 

 which is slightly altered we sel THE FOLLOWING ENDINGS AS RE 

 PRESENTING THE 5 CLASSES OF VERBS: 



