16 



lalioii of tlie tribe has steadily declined. They have often attacked 

 parties of whalemen who have been on shore after water and drift- 

 wood. A chief named Owtonowrok , aspiring to become absolute 

 master of his people, passed from tyranny to assasination. For the 

 most trivial causes he would sally forth on a shot-gim expedition. 

 He was shot dead Febr. 14, 1889, by two brothers whom he had 

 exiled, but who returned for the purpose of killing him. During 

 his life he killed 5 men and one woman. 



The present century has witnessed the rise and fall of the 

 Kinegans of Gape Pr. of Wales. A band, led on by their Unut- 

 koots (Angakut) overran the country south and east of the Selawik 

 River, sailed across Kotzebue Sound to Hotham and Cape Krusen- 

 stern, where they founded colonies, plundering and scattering other 

 tribes. Soon after 1867 they captured and plundered a St. Fran- 

 cisco vessel. Encouraged by this success they seized and boarded 

 a Hawaian brig , commanded by George Gilly. They seized and 

 killed one man. But Gilly and the mate took up position at the 

 poop and opened fire on the natives who swarmed on deck. 15 

 were killed, the number of the drowned is not known. This inci- 

 dent broke the power of the Kinegans. 



Bands of Outlaws, called Kevalinyes. have their home between 

 the Tigaras and the Nooatoks , from whom the larger number of 

 them have their origin. Д\' ithin the last 3 years they have extended 

 their ground to the shore of the Arctic, appropriating the northern 

 portion of the Tigara hunting ground. But it must be remembered 

 that in no place are hostilities continuous between I he tribes, there 

 are always seasons of civility, daring which they visit each other 

 for the purpose of trade. 



The Nooatoks, originally called Napakatamutes (timber people) 

 began their existence in the timbered country at the head waters 

 of the Nooatok River. They have moved to the east and west 

 occupying as much of the territory as suits their purpose. Around 

 Point Barrow they have obtained footing, and they promise to over- 

 run the whole country. 



There are 3 types observable among the Arctic Eskimo of 

 Alaska. First the tall cadaverous natives on Kotzebue Sound, who 

 live on fish, ptarmigans and marmots, and always have a hungry 

 look ; there is a tendency among then to migrate northward. Then 

 there is the tall, strongly knit type of the Nooatoks, a gigantic race, 

 of a splendid physique; they live among the mountains of the interior 

 and their supply of food is the reindeer, mountain sheep, ptarmigans 

 and tish. The third type is the short, stumpy one, probably that 

 of the old Eskimo before the admixture with southern tribes; they 

 are now found on the Arctic coast. Whale , seal , and deer meat 

 are their food staples. 



