90 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVAL SERVICE 



Scotian banks is an argument against its successful breeding south of Newfoundland. 

 It is perhaps to be considered an Arctic coastal species, which will survive for a long 

 time in boreal or temperate water. 



Our records and also those of Bigelow show that it lives in water having a salinity 

 of between 32''/oo and BS^/oo. On the European coast its conditions of life appear 

 to be quite different. Southern (1911, p. 12) states that on the Irish coast it was 

 not taken in water of lower salinity than 34*^/oo and that it was taken at all depths 

 down to below 1,000 fathoms. There is no indication that it ever on our coast occurs 

 in water of as high a salinity as B49/oo, or that it ever goes into the deep water. Its 

 distribution on the European coast is,— the North sea, around the British isles, for 

 some distance out into the Atlantic, and as far south as Portugal (Apstein, 1900, and 

 Malaquin et Carin, 1911). It is therefore, in no sense an estuarial species, although 

 carried well into bays and estuaries where the tides are heavy as in the bay of Eundy 

 and in the Irish channel. Its southern limit on the American side of the Atlantic 

 would seem to be the fortieth parallel. On the European side it goes even farther 

 south, namely, to Gibraltar, and is found in the Mediterranean region confined to the 

 Adriatic (Eosa, 1912, p. 5). Whether the tropical records for this species are to be 

 depended upon or not, is open to question. In view of the difference, as noted above, 

 between American and European specimens in regard to the first pair of cirri, a 

 critical comparison of ' extensive .series of specimens from the different regions is 

 much to be desired. 



Tomopteris (Tomopteris) septentrionalis. Quatr. ex. Steenstrup. 



1900. Apstein, p. 41. 



1905. Reibisch, p. 9. 



1908. Rosa, p. 297. 



1911. Southern, p. ?0 



1911. Malaquin et Carin, p. 14. 



The length ranges from 2 to 11 mm. 



DISTRIBUTION. 

 C.G.S. Acadia. 



Station No 18 26 51 51 51 74 75 75 



Depth of HauKm.) 200-0 (V) 100-0 (V) 125-55(0) 125-0 (V) (T) 325-0 (V) 325-0 (V) 55-0 (V) 



Length (mm.) 4-11 4 & 11 8 11 9-11 4&5 2&3 3-9 



Number 7-f- 2 ^1 16 2 2 5 



This species is an oceanic form, and occurs typically in the Atlantic north of 50° 

 N. latitude (see Apstein, 190O). It is abundant some distance off the Irish coast 

 (Southern, 1911), and extends south to the coast of Africa and even into the Medi- 

 terranean (Malaquin et Carin, 1911). Eosa (1908) has recorded it from the south 

 Pacific off Chile and considers it to be a " bipolar " species. 



It was found in our waters in too small numbers to be classed as a typical 

 inhabitant. It may be that our hauls were on the whole too shallow for it. With one 

 exception the records indicate that it belongs to our northern oceanic water, being 

 brought from the Labrador current, where it is abundant, around the Grand banks. 

 Its presence at "Acad^'a" Station 51 on the Breton bank off Halifax is in harmony 

 with the presence in that region of other northern oceanic species. Its occurrence 

 only in the most northerly Gulf Stream Stations, " Acadia " Stations Y4 and 75, 

 indicates that it enters the Gulf Stream towards the north. 



