in En 
this collar a chocolate brown, rather broad line runs along the sides uniting 
over the last segment. Observed with the eye only, the caterpillar is 
bare. Just under the brown line the yellow, oval breathing pores can be 
observed. 
The caterpillar stage lasts 32 to 37 days. They are very gregarious. 
As pupation is drawing near, the caterpillar shrinks and a white stuff of 
waxy appearance is secreted and covers the caterpillar and the leaf around 
it. After one day more the caterpillar turns into a pupa. This pupa is 
32 mM. in length, of a pinky brown colour and covered with a very thin 
layer of the waxy stuff. The pupa is fixed to the leaf by a silk belt 
and by the end of the body. The wing sheaths terminate in a 5'/, to 
8 mM. long filament. The pupa shows the queer phenomenon, that at 
the back near the big thoracical stigmata small drops of liquid are 
secreted. The pupal stage lasts 10 to 11 days. 
One generation can develop in 50 to 57 days. 
For the skipper, the butterfly itself, we can refer to the plate and 
add, that the size is somewhat variable. The colour on the topside is 
tobacco or dark tobacco brown. The fore wing is ornamented with 4 
big and 1 to 3 smaller clear yellow spots. The rear wings are tobacco 
brown. The eyes are dark red. Differences between Hidari and two other 
skippers are given in detail. The caterpillars of these species, Erionota 
thrax Clerck L. and Gangara thyrsis F. cannot be confused with the 
caterpillars of Hidari as the former also in the active period are covered 
with a white waxy secretion. The Hidari-skipper is of distinctly crepuscular 
habits. During daytime the butterflies seek cover under leaves and fly only 
when they are disturbed; but between dusk and dark 1 have often seen 
them flying about in a wild capricious way and visiting flowers. 
Several parasites were observed at Padang, viz: 1 Tachinid fly, 1 
Braconid wasp, 1 Chalcid wasp, 1 Ophionid wasp and there are signs 
that there is also an egg parasite in existance. The Tachinid fly and 
the Braconid wasp are the principal enemies; the others are of little 
importance. The Braconid wasp has a parasite itself which was obtained 
from the Braconid cocoons, always 2 from every cocoon. Fortunately 
the Braconid is very fertile;, as many as 122 wasps were obtained out 
of one caterpillar. The hyperparasite is rather rare. Plates and details 
of the parasites are given, to enable entomologists in other parts of the 
archipelago and other colonies to determine whether they occur there or not. 
In case of the latter importation is advised. 
For combating this pest we do not possess of other means than 
handpicking, spraying, and saving and setting free the parasites. The 
damage of the caterpillars and their habit to spin together the leaflets between 
