66 



HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS 



CAL 



Calocephalus. From kalo», beautiful, and cep- 

 hale, a head ; alluding to the inflorescence. 

 Nat. Ord. Composites. 



A genus of cottony or woolly annual or per- 

 ennial herbs or shrubs, natives of Australia. 

 C. Brownii, is the only cultivated species and 

 is much used in carpet bedding and ribbon 

 bordering. It is best known in cultivation as 

 Leucophyta Brownii. 



Calocho'rtus. Mariposa Lily. From kaloa, 

 beautiful, and chortus, grass ; referring to 

 the leaves. Nat Ord. Liliacece. 



This genus contains some of our gayest 

 and most beautiful half-hardy bulbs. They 

 were found in Columbia and California by the 

 intrepid and unfortunate collector, Douglas. 

 The flowers somewhat resemble the Tulip in 

 shape. Colors are white, purple, and yellow, 

 most of them richly spotted. They grow freely 

 in light, sandy loam, should have slight pro- 

 tection in winter, and succeed well grown in 

 pots. They flower from July until September. 

 Propagated by offsets. Introduced in 1826. 



Calode'ndron. Derived from kalos, beautiful 

 and dendron, a tree ; in reference to the beauty 

 of the plant. Nat. Ord. Ridacem. 



C. Capense, the only described species, is 

 a tall growing, green-house evergreen tree of 

 an ornamental character. Its stems are pubes- 

 cent, leaves in opposite pairs, and pubescent 

 on both surfaces. The creamy white flowers, 

 composed of linear oblong petals, are borne 

 in immense terminal panicles. Native of the 

 Cape of Good Hope, first introduced 1789. 



Calony'ction. The circumstance of the flowers 

 opening at night has suggested the derivation 

 of the generic name, from kalos, beautiful, 

 and nyx, night. The plants comprising this 

 genus are again relegated to Ipomcea and 

 Convolvulus. 



Calo'phaca. From kalos, beautiful, and phake, 

 a lentil; in reference to the lentil-like flowers. 

 Nat. Ord. LeguminosoB. 



C. Wolgarica, the only described species is 

 a hardy deciduous shrub from Siberia. Its 

 flowers are yellow, produced in axillary 

 clusters, and somewhat resembles the Cytisiis, 

 an allied plant. Loudon says of it : " Grafted 

 standard high on the common Laburnum, it 

 forms an object at once singular, picturesque 

 and beautiful." It is difficult of propagation 

 except by grafting or from seed. 



Calo'phanes. From kalos, beautiful, and phaino, 

 to appear. Nat. Ord. Acanthacem. 



C. oblongifolia, is a fine hardy herbaceous 

 plant from Florida, bearing lively blue flowers, 

 of little merit as a border plant, as the flowers 

 are too small to be effective. Introduced in 

 1832. 



Calophy'llum. This genus of Guttiferce con- 

 tains about twenty species mainly natives of 

 the East, only four or five being found in 

 America. They are large trees with shining 

 green leaves, elegantly marked by numerous 

 transverse veins. Some species yield valuable 

 oils, and resins, and the timber of some of the 

 larger sorts is much used for building, masts, 

 etc. Several species are in cultivation for 

 their ornamental foliage. 



Calopo'gon. From kalos, beautiful, and pogon, 

 a beard; the lip being beautifully fringed. 

 Nat. Ord. Qrchidacem. 



CAL 



A small genus of tuberous Orchids, found 

 in swampy situations on the south side of 

 Long Island and many other parts of the 

 United States. The flowei's are borne on a 

 scape growing about one foot high ; color 

 bright purple, quite conspicuous. Like most 

 of our native Orchids, it improves by cultiva- 

 tion. Shady situations and a light, fibrous 

 soil will suit it. 



Calotha'mnus. One of the beautiful genera of 

 Myrtacece, in which Australia abounds. Shrubby 

 green-house plants, with needle-like leaves 

 and scarlet flowers. The name indicates that 

 the branches become covered with the beauti- 

 ful flowers. Propagated by cuttings of the 

 firm young wood. 



Ca'ltha. Marsh Marigold. Butter Cup, A con- 

 traction of kalathos, a goblet ; referring to the 

 shape of the flower. Nat. Ord. RanunculacecB. 

 C. palustris is an indigenous hardy herba- 

 ceous perennial, common in SAvamps and 

 marshy places throughout the Northern 

 States. The flowei-s are bright yellow, borne 

 in large clusters, in April or May. The leaves 

 are highly esteemed as a pot herb. The plant 

 is frequently called Cowslip, a name that 

 properly belongs to Primula veris. 



Caltrops "Water. The fruit of Trapa nutans, 



which see. 



Calycantha'ceae. A natural order of shrubs 

 with square stems and opposite, entii-e leaves 

 without stipules, and solitaiy lurid flowers, 

 which have an aromatic fragrance ; natives of 

 North America and Japan. The bark of Caly- 

 canthus floridus, the Carolina Allspice, is used 

 as a substitute for, and to adulterate cin- 

 namon. There are two known genera, 

 Calycanthus, of this country, and Chimonanthus, 

 of Japan, comprising six species. 



Calyca'nthus. Sweet-scented Shrub, Straw- 

 berry Shrub, Carolina Allspice. From kalyx, 

 a cup or calj'x, and anthos, a flower ; from the 

 closed cup which contains the pistils. Nat. 

 Ord. CalycanthacecB. 



C. jloridu8 is a native deciduous shrub, re- 

 markable for the scent of the flowers (which 

 is commonly thought to resemble that of ripe 

 fruit), as well as for their peculiar color. It 

 is a native of the Southern States, perfectly 

 hai-dy, and Avill grow in almost any soil or 

 situation. Propagated by seeds or offsets. 

 The bark of this species is used in the adul- 

 teration of cinnamon. There are other species 

 and varieties, but this is the most conspicuous 

 and desirable. 



Calyciform. Formed like a calyx. 



Caly'pso. Name from kalypto, to conceal, not 

 merely to the covering of the stigma, but pre- 

 serving an analogy between this botanical 

 beauty, so difficult of access, and the secluded 

 goddess, whose isle was fabled to be protected 

 miraculously from the observation of navi- 

 gators. Nat. Ord. Orchidacece. 



C. borealis, the only species, is one of the 

 most beautiful of our native Orchids. It is a 

 tuberous plant with one leaf and one flower 

 only. The flower is rose-colored and has 

 something of the appearance of a Cypripedium, 

 owing to its forming a large pouch, which is 

 woolly-hairy inside. It is found in cold bogs 

 and wet woods in northern New England, 

 west and northwards, its bulbs resting in 



