AND GENERAL HORTICULTURE. 



159 



FRE 



Bulbs that have flowered in January should 

 go to I'est in April, and remain dry until 

 November. They increase rapidly by offsets, 

 and can be grown freely from seed, which 

 should be sown soon as ripe ; bulbs from seed 

 Avill flower the second year. 

 Fremo'ntia. Named in honor of Major-General 

 John C. Fremont, who discovered it in the 

 northern part of the Sierra Nevada. Nat. Ord. 

 StercuUacets. 



F. Californica, the only species, is a decidu- 

 ous shrub from four to ten feet high, some- 

 what resembling the ordinary Fig-tree. The 

 flowers ai'e very handsome, bright yellow, 

 bell-shaped, and are produced on short, spur- 

 like branches. Propagated by cuttings or 

 from seed. Introduced in 1851. 



French Bean. See Bean. 



French Honeysuckle. See Hedysarum. 



French Marigold. See Tagetes. 



French Mulberry. Callicarpa Americana. 



French Willow. Epilohium angustifolium. 



Fresh-water Soldier. Slratioides aloides. 



Freycine'tia. Named after Admiral Freycinet, 

 a French circumnavigator. A genus of Pan- 

 danacecB, consisting of climbing trees, natives 

 of the Indian Archipelago, Norfolk Island, 

 New Zealand, etc. The species have the habit 

 of Pandanus, and i-equire the same general 

 treatment. Increased by offsets. 



Fringed. The same as fimbriate. 



Fringe-Flower. Schizanthus retustis. 



Fringe-Tree. See Chionanthiis. 



Fritilla'ria. Fritillary, Guinea-hen Flower. 

 Fronifritilhis, a chess-board ; referring to the 

 checkered flowers of some species. Nat. Ord. 

 Liliaceoe. 



Show}' bulbs for the border, mostly attain- 

 ing a height of fi'om two to three feet, though 

 F. meleagris and its variations are dwarf. 

 This species, and one or two others like it, 

 have had much attention paid them by the 

 continental florists, who have succeeded in 

 obtaining many beautiful varieties by seed, 

 and now these flowers occupy a prominent 

 place in their catalogues. They delight in 

 very rich soil, fi'equently dug and well pul- 

 verized previous to planting. The bulbs 

 should be planted early in the autumn, cover- 

 ing them with about three inches of earth. In 

 the blooming season, should the weather 

 prove dry, the ground must be frequently 

 well soaked with water, that the growth maj'' 

 be sufficiently vigorous, or the flowers of the 

 following season will be deficient. When the 

 stems begin to decay the bulbs should be 

 taken up, but not dried to any extent, it being 

 far preferable to preserve them till the follow- 

 ing planting season in sand or light and par- 

 tially dried earth. F. imperialis is the well- 

 known Crown Imperial, a native of Persia, of 

 which there are several varieties. They will 

 be greatly benefitted by mulching with leaves 

 to the depth of six inches, just before the 

 ground freezes up. They can remain a num- 

 ber of years without taking up, and are prop- 

 agated by division of the bulbs or by seeds, 

 Avhich, however, require from four to six 

 years to become flowering bulbs. 



Froe-bit. Hydrocharis morsus-rnncB and Limno- 

 biiim Spongia. 



FUC 



Frondose, Covered with leaves ; bearing a 

 great number of leaves. 



Fronds. The leaves of Palms and Ferns are 

 improperly called fronds. A true frond is a 

 combination of leaf and stem, as in many sea- 

 weeds and liverworts. 



Frosted. Covered with glittering particles, as 

 if fine dew had been congealed upon it. 



Frost-Weed. Erigeron Philadelphicus and Heli- 

 anthemiim Canadtnse. 



Frozen Plants, Treatment of. When by any 

 mishap the plants, whether in parlor or green- 

 house, become frozen, either at once remove 

 them (taking care not to touch the leaves) to 

 some place warm enough to be just above the 

 point of freezing ; or, if there are too many to 

 do that, get up the fire as rapidly as possible, 

 and raise the temperature. The usual advice 

 is to sprinkle the leaves and shade the plants 

 from the sun. We have never found either 

 remedy of any avail with frozen plants, and 

 the sprinkling is often a serious injury if done 

 before the temperature is above the freezing 

 point. In our expei'ience with thousands of 

 frozen plants, we have tried all manner of 

 expedients, and found no better method than 

 to get them out of the freezing atmosphere as 

 quickly as possible ; and we have also found 

 that the damage is in proportion to the suc- 

 culent condition of the plant and the intensity 

 of the freezing. Just what degree of cold 

 plants in any given condition can endure 

 without injur-y, we are^ unable to state. 

 Plants are often frozen 'so that the leaves 

 hang down, but when thawed out are found 

 to be not at all injured. At another time the 

 same low temperature acting on the same 

 kind of plants may kill them outright if they 

 happen to be growing more thriftily and are 

 full of sap. Much depends upon the temper- 

 ature at which plants have been growing ; for 

 example, we find, if we have had a warm spell 

 in fall when, for a week or so, the tempera- 

 ture has been at sixty-five or seventy degrees 

 at night, with ten or fifteen degrees more in 

 the open air, that a slight frost will kill or 

 greatly injure such half-hardy plants as Car- 

 nations, Gei'aniums or monthly Roses ; but 

 should the weather be such as to gradually 

 get colder, so that the temperature has been 

 lowered twentj^ to twenty-five degrees, a 

 slight frost then coming will do little or no 

 injury to such plants. When the frost is pen- 

 etrating into a green-house or room in which 

 plants are kept, and the heating arrangements 

 are inadequate to keep it out, the best thing 

 to do is to cover the plants with paper (news- 

 papers) or sheeting. Thus protected, most 

 plants will be enabled to resist four or five 

 degrees of frost. Paper is rather better than 

 sheeting for this purpose. 



Fructification. Tlie parts of the flower, or, 

 more properly, the fruit and its parts ; the 

 phenomena whicli attend the development of 

 the fruit from its first appearance to maturity. 

 The distribution or arrangement of the fruit 

 itself on any plant. 



Fruit. That part of a plant which consists of 

 the ripened carpels and the parts adhering to 

 them ; the seed vessel with its ripe contents. 



Fruticose, Frutescent. Shrubby. 



Fu'chsia. Named after Leonard Fuchs, a cele- 

 brated German botanist. Nat. Ord. Onagracece. 



