AND GENERAL HORTICULTURE. 



211 



JUG 



Juglanda'ceae. A natural order of trees with 

 alternate, pinnate, stipulate leaves and uni- 

 sexual flowers. They are chiefly natives of 

 North America and the Indies. Juglans regia 

 is the English Walnut or Madeira Nut of the 

 fruit stores. Carya alba is the American 

 Hickory Nut. Juglans nigra is the Black 

 Walnut. There are five genera and about 

 thirty species, all valuable timber trees, much 

 prized by cabinet makers. Juglans and Carya 

 are examples of the order. 



Ju'glans. Walnut. From Jovis, the heathen 

 god, and gluns, a nut. Nat. Ord. Juglan- 

 dacecE. 



A well-known genus of hardy deciduous 

 trees. J. regia, the common English Walnut 

 or Madeira-nut tree, is a native of Persia, and 

 was introduced into English gardens in 1562. 

 This species makes a beautiful tree for the 

 lawn as far north as New York, but it rarely 

 ripens fruit. There are several specimens of 

 this tree on the grounds of Mr. Manice, 

 Queens, Long Island, having favorable situa- 

 tions, and they seldom fail of ripening a fair 

 crop of nuts. There is also a long avenue of 

 old trees of this Walnut in Westchester 

 County, N.Y., and the crop seldom fails. J. 

 cinerea is our common Butter-nut, and J. nigra 

 the well-known Black Walnut. 



Jujube. See Zizyphvs Jujube. 



Ju'ncus. Rush. Bog-Rush. Linnaeus derived 

 the name from jungo, to join ; in allusion to 

 the first ropes having been made from rushes. 

 Nat. Ord. Juncacece. 



The Rush is a very extensive, and almost 

 universally distributed genus of marshy plants. 

 Some of the species are very troublesome to 

 the farmer, when once started in moist 

 meadows. The destruction of the grass is 

 certain, unless a constant warfare is kept up. 

 Some of the species, in their native countries, 

 are of the greatest value. In Holland, the 

 Rush is planted with great care on their sea 

 embankments, to prevent, by its roots, the 

 action of the tides from washing away the 

 earth. When these Rushes have attained 

 their full height, which is in summer, they 

 are cut down, tied into bunches, dried, and 

 taken into market, where they are wrought 

 into baskets and other useful articles. In 

 Japan the manufacture of Rush matting is 

 carried to a great extent. For this purpose, 

 J. congloineratus, or hard Rush, is used ; and 

 for their best floor-mats, J. effusis, or soft 

 Rush, is employed. These mats, which are 

 at once carpets and the only beds used by the 

 Japanese, are soft, elastic, and often three or 

 four inches thick. They are very closely 

 plaited, and the interstices afterward filled 

 with rice paper. Some law appears to regu- 

 late the size of these mats, for, according to 

 Thunberg, they are of precisely the same 

 dimensions throughout all parts of the king- 

 dom, with the exception of those in the 

 imperial palace of Jeddo. The regulation size 

 is six feet by three, with a narrow blue or 

 black border. They make a lighter sort of 

 matting of the same material, which is used 



• as window blinds, and to protect the trans- 

 parent paper which forms a substitute for 

 glass. Of some harder species they even 

 make shoes for their horses, which come up 

 to the pastern joint, and cover the hoof. 

 Bags made of Rushes are extensively used in 



JUT 



the Eastern countries. Sugar sent from the 

 Mauritius is always in bags made of Rushes, 

 which are very strong and durable. A very 

 handsome plant of the Bulrush family has 

 been lately introduced from Japan, with 

 foliage as strikingly variegated as Eulalia 

 Japonica zebrina. Like that plant, the varie- 

 gation runs horizontally around the hollow 

 leaves. The bands of bright yellow are about 

 two inches apart, delicately shaded into the 

 green, and the whole appearance of the plant 

 is one of unique beauty. It may prove to be 

 hardy. It was introduced here from Japan by 

 Thomas Hogg, but sent to England for distri- 

 bution. See Scirpus. 



June Berry. See Amelanchier. 



Juniper. See Juniperus. 



Irish. Juniperus communis, var. hybernica. 

 Swedish. Juniperus communis, var. suecica. 



Juni'perus. Juniper. From the Celtic Juni- 

 perus, I'ough. Nat Ord. Coniferce. 



An extensive genus of evergreen trees and 

 shrubs, the more conspicuous of which are J. 

 communis, the common Juniper, indigenous 

 in dry, rocky places in New Jersey and north- 

 ward. The berries of this species are much 

 used in the manufacture of gin. J. Virginiana, 

 the well-known Red Cedar, is found in all 

 parts of the country, but more particularly 

 from Virginia southward. J. Bermudiana, 

 Bermuda Cedar, is used for lead pencils as 

 well as the Red Cedar, the latter being used 

 for the best. 



Jupiter's Beard. See Anthyllis. 



Juriiiea. Derivation not explained. Nat. Ord. 

 Compositm. 



A genus of about forty species of hardy 

 herbaceous perennials, natives of southern 

 Europe and western and central Asia. Though 

 occasionally seen in cultivation, none of the 

 species is of much horticultural vahie. They 

 are increased by seeds or by division of the 

 roots in spring. 



Jussias'a. Named in honor of the celebrated 

 family of Jussieu. An extensive genus of 

 OnagracecB, consisting of herbs, or, more 

 rarely, shrubs, growing in marshes or ponds 

 throughout the tropics, a few reaching to 

 sub-tropical regions. They have white, or 

 yellow flowers, and alternate, very frequently, 

 membraneous and entire leaves. Some of the 

 species are astringent, as J. villosa, from 

 India, and J. Caparossa, and J. villosa, from 

 Brazil, where, also, occurs, J. pilosa, which 

 yields a yellow dye. J. decurrens, reaches 

 north as far as Virginia. 



Justi'cia. Named after J. Justice a celebrated 

 Scotch horticulturist. Nat. Ord. Acanthacem. 

 An extensive genus of tender annuals and 

 biennials, green-house herbaceous perennials, 

 and green-house shrubs. They are natives 

 of the East Indies, with a few in South 

 America and the West Indies. Many of the 

 species are mere weeds. Some of the green- 

 house shrubs are ornamental and desirable, 

 their long spikes of red and purple flowers 

 being very showy. The beautiful bright 

 yellow species known best as J. calotricha, and 

 J. jlavicoma, are now placed under Schaueria, 

 which see. They are easy of cultivation, 

 and are propagated by cuttings. 



Jute. The fibre of Chorchorus capsularia and 

 C. olitorius. 



