AND GENERAL HORTICULTURE. 



379 



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that is, to depend upon young plants for the 

 season's flowering. Tea Roses can be pre- 

 served without difficulty through the winter 

 by taking up, potting, or "heeling" in a bos 

 of earth, and keeping them in a cool, dry 

 cellar, where the thermometer will not fall 

 below 25'*. When planted out in spring they 

 should be well cut back, and if carefully 

 planted in a ri<.-h soil, they will be nearly as 

 good as young plants. In California, and 

 nearly all States south of Richmond, the Tea 

 Rose requires no winter protection, and is 

 there seen in the greatest perfection. The 

 Macartney Rose (R. bracteata), a native of 

 China, introduced into England in 1795 by [ 

 Lord Macartney, from whom it took its i 

 name, is a climbing evergreen Rose. Like 

 most of the Chinese Roses, it is not hardj-, 

 and its value for winter flowering is not 

 sufficient to warrant growing it under glass. 

 The Miniature Rose (R. Lawrenciana), is a 

 native of China, and was formerly consid- 

 ered by botanists to be a distinct spe- 

 cies. Mr. Rivers, of England, whose knowl- 

 edge of the Rose is second to no one's, saj's 

 it is but a dwarf variety of the common China 

 Rose, like the Rose de Meaux or Pompon, 

 which is a dwarf variety of R. centifolia. 

 "Many plants," he remarks, " that have been 

 long under cultivation have a tendency to 

 produce from seed these pigmy likenesses of 

 themselves." If there is any value in this 

 class, it is as a curiosity for pot culture. The 

 Cherokee Rose {R. IcBvigata or R. Sinica) is a 

 large-flowered single variety, a native of 

 China. In the Southern States, where it has 

 become naturalized, it is held in high esteem 

 for the graceful habit of the plant, with its 

 vivid green, glossy leaves. The flowers are 

 of the purest waxy white, and are produced in 

 the greatest abundance. It is often used for 

 hedges, and for this purpose few plants could 

 be better adapted. The type of the Noisette 

 group of Roses {R. Noisettiana) is a cross be- 

 tween the Musk Rose and the common China 

 Rose, It was produced by M. Noisette, a 

 French gardener, of Charlestown, South Caro- 

 lina, in 1817. The seed was from the Musk 

 Rose, and the plant partakes of its nature in 

 its vigorous growth, and, to a limited extent, 

 its fragrance, together with its habit of bloom- 

 ing in clusters ; in all other respects it is en- 

 tirely dissimilar from either parent. From 

 this hybrid, some of our most useful and 

 beautiful half-hardy Roses have originated, 

 embracing several green-house varieties, the 

 most superb of which is the Lamarque (white). 

 This group contains some of quite dwarf 

 habit ; all are noted for producing their flow- 

 ers in large clusters ; this is particularly the 

 case with the Washington, Fellenbergh and 

 Aimee Vibert. The Marechal Neil Rose of 

 this section is, like the General Jacqueminot, 

 most extensively forced under glass for its 

 buds ; probably three acres of glass surface 

 are used for it in the vicinity of New York 

 City, but it is now superseded by some of the 

 yellow " Teas" which, though not quite equal 

 to it in quality, flower continuously. Though 

 not hardy north, nothing can exceed the beauty 

 of many of this class of Roses in some of the 

 Southern States, where the thermometer does 

 not fall below 20". The finest of all these is 

 probably the old " Cloth of Gold," now rarely 

 met with true, Solfaterre being often sold for 



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it. Mad. Caroline Kuster, Celine Forrestier, 

 Triumph de Rennes, W. A. Richardson, and 

 Gloire de Dijon, all yellow Roses belonging to 

 this section, are of healthy habit and easy of 

 cultivation. The Polyantha Remontant Rose 

 (R. Polyantha) was brought from Japan by 

 Robert Fortune about the year 1865, and is 

 distinguished from all others by its panicled 

 blooms. This peculiarity is not i-etained, how- 

 ever, when crossed with other Roses, at least 

 in most of the varieties which have been 

 claimed to be seedlings from it. Several va- 

 rieties evidently crossed with a variety of 

 R. Indica, have been produced and are very 

 free flowering, highly scented, and most use- 

 ful sorts, especially for bedding purposes, as 

 they form a mass of bloom during the entire 

 season. They are hardy in this latitude with 

 slight protection, and are now largely used 

 for borders to rosaries, cemetery plots, etc. 

 The Hybrid Tea Rose (Rosa Indica odorata 

 hybrida) is a group produced from crossing 

 Teas with Hybrid Perpetuals. " La France" 

 raised by Guillot fils, in 1867, from a Tea Rose, 

 with a perfume peculiar to itself, a most con- 

 stant bloomer and the sweetest of all Roses, 

 was about the first variety sent out. In 1879, 

 Mr. Henry Bennett (England), followed with 

 his celebrated "pedigree" Roses, since which 

 time there have been many notable additions 

 to the class, which, on account of its novelty 

 and usefulness, will in a few years very likely 

 prove a more popular class than even the 

 Hybrid Perpetuals. Standard Roses are pro- 

 duced by budding any desired variety on 

 the common Dog Brier, or Manetti stock, 

 the strongest growers kno^vn ; consequently 

 they give to the Rose the greatest amount 

 of nourishment. In a moist, cool atmos- 

 phere, like that of England, Roses are grown 

 in perfection upon standard, half-standard 

 or dwarf stocks. In this country the dry, 

 hot winds and scorching sun of summer, or 

 the cold winds of winter, will destroy the 

 vitality of the stock (particularly if on high 

 standards), and they rarely live more than 

 three or four years, and in no case will they 

 produce such Roses in this country as in 

 England or France, except in particularly 

 favorable situations, such as a north aspect 

 in our city gardens. We have known them in 

 such positions to do exceedingly well, espec- 

 ially when the stem of the plant had been 

 wrapped around with moss or straw to pro- 

 tect it against the summer sun. Where 

 grown in the greatest perfection in England, 

 stocks are selected that are the best adapted 

 to the soil and situation in which they are to 

 grow; these are planted about the first of 

 November, and the highest cultivation possi- 

 ble is given them. In the following July they are 

 budded with the most vigorous buds that can be 

 had from plants put out the previous year ex- 

 pressly tor the buds. In the following November 

 they cut the shoots back to five or six inches, 

 and in the following spring cut back to one or 

 two buds, which will give the flowering shoots. 

 For exhibition purposes but one bloom is 

 allowed on each shoot, and that will be the 

 perfect flower ; and it is from such flowers, 

 shown at the London exhibitions, that our 

 American travelers give their orders, often 

 paying enormous prices for Roses that, when 

 grown under ordinary treatment here, never 

 fail to disappoint. Were the English ama- 



