AND GENERAL HORTICULTURE. 



385 



RUB 



and the fruit firm enough to bear long car- 

 riage. The Gregg, another recent introduc- 

 tion of the Black Cap division was raised in 

 Ohio in 1876, is a very fine large fruit, and 

 has already taken its place as the best of its 

 class as a market berry. The Mammoth 

 Cluster, Clarke, Tyler, Marlboro, Rancocas, 

 Hansen, and many others are more or less 

 grown, but need not be speciallj' noted here. 

 The Blackberry, of whicli there are several 

 native species, is now largely grown for 

 market, and is a profitable crop. Until the 

 appearance of the New Rochelle Blackberi-y 

 (sometimes called Lawton) our markets were 

 supplied with Blackberries from the woods. 

 jB. villosus, the High Blackberry, is the com- 

 mon Blackberry of the country, being found 

 almost everywhere. It is given to variation, 

 and is the parent of nearly all the varieties 

 now under cultivation. The first of these was 

 the New Rochelle, discovered by Mr. Secor 

 growing in a hedge at New Rochelle, 

 Westchester County, New York. It is 

 an interesting fact, as showing the estima- 

 tion in which improved Blackberries were 

 held at that time, that Mr. Secor grew the 

 plants in his garden for about nine years 

 without being able to prevail upon his neigh- 

 bors to accept a plant as a gift, when at last 

 Mr. Lawton, a shrewd lawyer, took hold of it, 

 exhibited the fruit in New"^York, got up a sen- 

 sation, and finally made a little fortune 

 out of the sale of the plants. Hundreds of 

 acres of it are in cultivation. It is a large, 

 handsome and excellent fruit, but the plants 

 are at times injured in the winter at the 

 North. Some years later a clergyman of 

 New Jersey discovered another variety of R. 

 villosus growing in the edge of the woods on 

 the Kittatinny Mountains, removed it to his 

 garden and increased it largely. This was 

 placed in the hands of E. "Williams, of Mont- 

 clair, N. J., who sent it out, and the public 

 were thus put in possession of the famous 

 Kittatinny which still remains the best fruit 

 of its class. The Wilson is an earlier berry 

 than either of the preceding, but not equal to 

 them in quality. The Snyder is an early kind, 

 immensely pi'oductive, and perfectly hardj' in 

 all parts of the country. The fruit is smaller 

 than the Kittatinny, but is very sweet and 

 ripe as soon as colored, which is not true of 

 those above named. Many other sorts are in 

 cultivation, for names and descriptions of 

 which see nurserymen's catalogues. R. 

 Canadensis, the Running Blackberry, is popu- 

 larly known as the Dewberry. The fruit is 

 of an excellent quality, and ripens about two 

 weeks earlier than most of the preceding spe- 

 cies. A variety called the Lucretia bears 

 large and handsome fruit, and is valuable as 

 coming between the Raspberry and Black- 

 berry. It is also very valuable in the South- 

 ern States, where the tall-growing varieties do 

 not succeed. R.cuneifolius, or Sand BlackbeiTj', 

 is one of the more common species, growing 

 from two to three feet high, and ripening an 

 abundance of well-fiavox'ed fruit in August. 

 This species is common in sandy woods in 

 southern New York and southward. R. Cha- 

 mmmonis, Cloudberrj-, is a species with large 

 orange-red fruit, found growing on the White 

 Mountains and similar elevations in the 

 Northern and Eastern States. This species, 

 or something very near it, is also abundant in 



RUI 



Lapland, where the fruit is held in high es- 

 teem. There are several other species, with- 

 out, however, any special distinctive features. 

 Propagated by root cuttings, tips of the 

 shoots or suckers, according to the kind. 



Rudbe'ckia. Cone Flower. Named in honor 

 of Professors Rudbeck, father and son, prede- 

 cessors of Linnaeus at Upsal. Nat. Ord. Com- 

 positcB. 



A genus of hardy herbaceous perennials, 

 growing from two to seven feet high, with 

 numerous showy flower-heads of bright yel- 

 low, with a black disk in the centre. They 

 are natives of the Western States, and are be- 

 coming common in our meadows, having been 

 introduced by the seed being mixed with the 

 various grass seeds coming from the West, 

 principally from Kentucky. This genus ac- 

 quired an enviable reputation in Europe as an 

 ornamental flowering plant, and the seed was 

 distributed by the Department of Agriculture 

 at Washington, through the members of Con- 

 gress, to several of the States that had passed 

 stringent laws against the dissemination of 

 "weeds." 



Ru'dgea. Commemorative of M. F. Rudge, an 

 English botanist. Nat. Ord. RubiacecE. 



A genus of green-house shrubs or low-grow- 

 ing trees, with dense terminal panicles of 

 white flowers, natives of Brazil. R. macro- 

 phylla is occasionally seen in the green-house. 

 It is also known as R. leucocephala. 



Rudimentary. In an incomplete condition. 



Rudo'lphia. Named after W. Rudolph, a Prus- 

 sian botanist. Nat. Ord. LeguminoscB. 



A small genus of very beautiful green-house 

 evergreen twiners, from Mexico and the West 

 Indies. The genus is allied to Erythrina, and 

 is remarkable for its brilliant scarlet flowers, 

 produced in axillary racemes. Propagated 

 by cuttings or from seeds. 



Rue. See Ruia. 



Rue. Goat's. A common name for Gahga 

 officinalis. 



Rue. Wall. The popular name of Asplenium 

 Ruta-muraria. 



Rue'llia. In honor of John RueUe, of Soissons, 

 botanist and physican to Francis I. Nat. 

 Ord. Acanthaccce. 



Herbaceous green-house plants with pretty 

 tube-shaped blue flowers. Some of the spe- 

 cies require a hot-house, and others a green- 

 house ; but they should all be grown in light, 

 rich soil. R. inacrantha is getting quite com- 

 mon as a window plant. Certainly, one more 

 worthy it would be hard to flnd ; its large, 

 trumpet-shaped, rosy flowers are produced 

 for a month or two in succession. They are 

 natives of South America and the East Indies, 

 and are propagated by cuttings. By many 

 botanists, Dipteracanthus is included in this 

 genus. 



Rufous. Pale red, mixed with brown. 



Ruga. A wrinkle; hence. Rugose, covered with 

 wrinkles. 



Rui'zia. Named in honor of Don H. Ruiz, 

 author, in conjunction with Pavon, of "Florre 

 Peruvianas et Chilensis," Nat. Ord. Sterculi- 

 acecB. 



A genus of ornamental shrubs, natives of 

 Bourbon. Two species, R. lobata, and R. vari- 

 abilis, both with reddish flowers, are in culti- 



