COUCH GRASS. 93 
Like Couch Grass, it is not very particular about soil and locality, 
occurring on the open plains as well as on the foot hills. Although 
extremely resistant to drought, it is not found as a rule on very sandy 
or dry soil. It prefers rich land and makes a luxuriant growth 
where sufficient moisture is available. As the name Alkali Grass 
indicates, it does better than most other hay or pasture grasses on 
saline soil. 
The agricultural value of Western Wheat Grass is little known. 
In some of the western states it is considered valuable, especially for 
pasture, and it is thought to be highly nutritive. Its creeping root- 
stock and its spreading habit are apt to make it sod-bound, however, 
and it may not be worth cultivation. 
AWNED WHEAT GRASS (Agropyron Richardsonit Schrad.) 
Seed, Plate 27, Fig. 27. 
Awned Wheat Grass has a short rootstock and therefore grows 
in tufts like Western Rye Grass. It is easily distinguished, however, 
by the long awns on the flowering glumes and the arrangement of 
the flowers in a one-sided spike. It is common in the Prairie Prov- 
inces, especially outside the semi-arid regions. It is generally coarser 
than Western Rye and, on account of its long, stiff awns, less suitable 
for fodder. 
COUCH GRASS (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) 
Seed, Plate 27, Fig. 25. 
Couch Grass is strongly perennial, with a widely running root- 
stock and numerous leafy shoots which form large matted beds. 
It is similar to Western Wheat Grass in its mode of growth but differs 
in being brighter green and having smaller spikelets. It is a native 
of Europe and has unfortunately been introduced into Canada, in 
the eastern districts of which it has become well established. Al- 
though of some agricultural value, it is one of the most noxious 
weeds and should be carefully guarded against. 
I know precisely that for either object, whether to bring the weeds and quitch grass to the surface 
and to wither them by scorching heat, or to expose the earth itself to the sun’s baking rays, there can 
be nothing better than to plough the soil up with a pair of oxen during mid-day in summer.— Xenophon, 
The Economist, 434-355 B.C. 
