ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page 

 Spirogyra, - • • • • • - 65/ 



Structure and reproduction of Chara fragilis, - 660 

 Laminariacese, with perforated fronds, - - 662 

 Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder-wrack) : female con- 



ceptacle, &c., ------ 663 



Fucus vesicidosus: male conceptacle, &c., - - 664 

 A branch of the Gulf-weed, Sargassum bacciferum, 



with leaves and air-sacs, .... 665 



Chytridiacese and Ancylistacete, • - - 668 



Swarm-spores in Saprolegniaceae and Chytridiacese, 669 

 The False Vine-mildew, Peronospora viticola, - 670 

 A cklya lignicola and its Reproduction, - - 671 

 Entomophthorese: Entomophthora and Empusa, - 672 

 Mucor and its Eeproduction, - . - - 673 

 Ascomycetes, - - - - - • -6/9 



The Ergot of Rye, Claviceps purpurea, • - 680 

 Various Ascomycetes, . - . . - 681 



The Morel and other Discomycetes, - • - 683 

 Portion of a lamella of an Agaricus with a basi- 



dial layer, ------- 684 



Basidiomycetes: various species of Fungi, - - 685 

 Gasteromycetes: Puif-ball, Earth-star, &c., - 690 



Lichens, -------- 693 



Gelatinous Lichens, ------ 694 



Crustaceous Lichen: Lecanora esculenta, - - 695 

 Vertical section through an air-chamber of the 



Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, - - 697 

 Jungermanniacese: Scale-mosses, ... 698 

 Mosses and their Spore-capsules, &c., - - - 700 

 Mosses, with details of structure, ... 701 



Spore- capsules of Mosses, 703 



Various Ferns, ---.-.. 707 



Life-history of a Fern, 708 



Hydropterides or Rhizocarps, - - - - 710 



Equisetaceas or Horsetails, - - - - 712 



Club-moss: Lycopodium annotinum, - - - 714 

 Lycopodiales, with details of structure, - - 716 

 A group of Cycas revoluta, - - - - 719 



Female Cone and Scales in Abietineae, - - 721 

 Flowers, &c., of Mountain Pine {Pinus Pumilio), 722 

 The Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvest7'is), - - - 723 

 The Arolla Pine (Pinus Cembra), - - - 724 

 Weltvitschia mirabilis in its natural surroundings, 727 

 Liliiflorse : Examples of the Lily Alliance, - - 729 

 A&phodelu,s ramosus at Paestum (Southern Italy), 730 

 The New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax), - - 731 

 Adam's Needle ( Yucca gloriosa), ... 732 



^chmea paniculata (family Bromeliaceas), - - 733 

 The Traveller's Tree (Ravenala Madagascariensis), 735 

 Angrcecum eburneum, an Orchid epiphytic on a 



tree-trunk, ------- 737 



Curled Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), - - 739 

 Primeval forest in Ceylon with Climbing Palms 



(Cala'nius) and Areca disticha, - - - 741 

 Aroids (Arum macidatum, Colocasia antiquorum, 



&c.), 742 



Raphidophora decursiva climbing in a primeval 



forest of the tropical Himalayas, - - 743 



Climbing Aroids (Philodendron pertusum and P. 



Imbe) with cord-like aerial roots, - - 744 



Papyrus Plant (Papyrus antiquorum) in the Upper 



Nile, 747 



Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis Jalapa), - • - 749 

 Proteales: Flower and Fruit of Banksia, - - 751 

 Daphnales: Camphor, Flowers of Cinnamon and 



Mezereum, ------- 753 



"Living bridge" formed of the aerial roots of 

 the India-rubber and other kinds of Figs in 

 Sikkim-Himalaya, - . - - - 758 

 Amentales: Catkins of Birch and Hornbeam, - 759 

 Flowers and Fruit of Oak (Quercus scssiliflora), - 760 

 The Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica), - - 761 

 Caprifoliales : Ipecacuanha (Cephaiilis Ipecacu- 

 anha), 764 



Ericales: Flowers and Fruit of Strawberry-tree 



(Arbutus Unedo), ----- 769 



Acanthacese: Acanthus mollis, - - - - //2 

 Ranunculacese : Black Hellebore and Mousetail, - 773 

 The Indian Lotus (Nelumbium speciosum), grow- 

 ing in a marsh, near Pekin, - - - 775 

 Parietales: sections of flower-bud and ovary, - 776 

 Disciflorse: Euonymus, Quassia, &c., - - - 778 

 Crateranthse: sections of flowers, - - - 779 

 Myrtales: Flower of Melaleuca; Flower-bud and 



Fruit of Eucalyptus, 782 



Melastomacese: Melastoma Malabathricum, - 783 



Cactacese: several species of Cactus, - - - 787 

 Umbellales: Umbellifers with Fruit and Flowers, 789 

 Fairy Rings in a meadow near Trins in the Tyrol, 

 formed by the ascomycetous fungus Spathu- 

 lariaflavida, - - ■ - - - /91 

 Plants with tubers and bulbs whose mode of 

 growth leads to the formation of colonies 

 arranged in lines and clusters, - - - 796 

 A section through soil permeated by the proto- 



nemal threads of the Moss Pottia intermedia, 799 

 Formation of a clustered colony by means of 



aerial runners in Saxifraga flagellaris, - 801 



Frogbit (Ilydrocharis Morsus-rance): winter buds 



in process of detachment, - - - - 804 

 Frogbit : winter buds rising to the surface and 



young plants developed from them, - - 805 

 Trichia clavata, showing capillitium and spores, - 813 

 Dispersal of spores by wind: spore-capsules in 



damp and in dry weather, - - - - 81 4 

 Spores of the Horse-tail (Equisetum Telmateja), ■ 815 

 Polygonum viviparum and its aerial tubers, - 819 



Houseleek (Sempervivum soboliferum) with ball- 

 shaped offshoots, ... - - 821 

 The formation of offshoots in Sedum dasyphyllum, 822 

 The formation of ofifshoots in Kleinia articulata, 823 

 Distribution of spores by expulsive mechanisms, - 825 

 Distribution of detached sprout-like offshoots by 



means of animals, 829 



Sling-fruits: Ecballium elaterium, Oxalis Aceto- 



sella, 834 



