Xll 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Autogamy in the flowers of the Willow-herb 



(Epilohium angustifolium), ... - 354 

 Autogamy by means of spiral twistings of stamens 



and style, ....... 357 



Autogamy by means of a crossing or a bending 



back of the style-branches, .... 360 



Autogamy effected by means of an inflection of 



the style-branches (Arnica, Senecio), - - 363 

 Autogamy effected by the petals, - - - 369 

 Autogamy effected by means of the corolla {Gen- 



tiana asclepiadea), ..... 372 



Autogamy effected by means of the corolla {Pedi- 



cularis incarnata), ..... 375 



Autogamy caused by inflection of the flower-stalk 



and the adjustment of the under-lip to form 



an inclined plane down which pollen slides 



to the stigma: Calceolaria Pavonii, - - 380 



Autogamy caused by the combined inflections of 



pedicel and stamen-filaments: Pyrolauniflora, 383 

 Autogamy through inflection of the pedicel and 

 disarticulation of the corolla : Phygelius 

 capensis, ....... 384 



Autogamy resulting from an inflection of the 

 pedicel accompanied by spiral torsion of the 

 filaments: Cobaa scandens, - - - - 385 



Autogamy resulting from inflection of the pedicel 

 combined with inclination of the style to the 

 place where the pollen has been deposited: 

 Allium, Chamcemoly, - - • - .386 

 Autogamy resulting from inflection of the pedicel 

 combined with the folding up of the corolla : 

 Gentiana Clusii, ------ 388 



Development of Pollen-tubes in Lilium Martarjmi 



and Avena elatior, . . . . . 409 



The course of the pollen-tubes in a Eock-rose 



{Helianthemum marifolium), - - - 411 

 Chalazogamic fertilization in the Hornbeam (Car- 



pinus Betulus), ...... 412 



Chalazogamic fertilization in the Alder (Almis 



glutinosa). Diagrammatic, - . - 413 



Fertilization in Ephedra and Ornithogalum, • 415 

 Embryo-sac of Monotropa, - - - - 417 



Seeds with a Reserve-tissue, .... 422 



Seeds with winged and hairy appendages, - - 423 

 Polar Willow (Salix polaris) with opened fruits 



showing masses of hairy seeds escaping, - 424 

 Seeds with caruncles and hilar scars, - - - 425 

 Branch of Mezereon (Daphne Mezcreum) with 

 berries. Fruiting branch of the Lime (Tilia) 

 with downy hairs investing the nut-like fruits, 426 

 Indehiscent fruits and schizocarpa, ... 427 

 Winged fruits or samaras of the Ash, &c., - . 428 

 Flowering branch of Banhsia serrata with thick- 

 walled dehiscent capsules, . - - . 409 

 Various capsular fruits, ..... 431 



Achenes provided with a plume or pappus, - 432 



The Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus) in fruit, - 433 



Fruits with persistent receptacles, - - . 434 



Page 

 Fruits with Cupules: Acorns, .... 435 

 Fruits in whose structure the receptacle and pedi- 

 cel take a share: Cashew-nut, - - - 436 

 Collective and aggregate fruits: Betel, Sweet-sop, 



and Sour-sop, ...... 437 



Branch of the Bread-fruit Tree (Artocarpus in- 



cisa), with flowers and fruit, - - - 438 

 The Lotus Lily (Nelumbium speciosum), • • 439 

 Flower of the Lotus Lily (Nelumbium. speciosum), 440 

 Fruit and Seed of Coniferse: Silver Fir, Scotch 



Pine, Larch, 441 



Fruits and Seeds of Coniferae: Yew, Arbor Vitse, 



Juniper, 442 



Coniferous Fruits and Seeds, .... 443 

 Protection of ripening seeds against animals : 



Anatto, 444 



Protection of ripening seeds against animals: 



Mimosa, Chestnut, &c., .... 445 

 Protection of seeds against wet, .... 448 

 Branch of Mangrove Tree (Rhizophora Mangle), 



with flowers and fruits, .... 451 

 Bulbils replacing flowers and fruits, ... 455 

 Flowers and fruits replaced by tubers and bud-like 



offshoots, ....... 460 



Flowers and fruits replaced by bulbils. The 



Coral-root (Dentaria bulbifera), - - - 461 

 The Annual Dog's Mercury (Merctirialis aniiua), 466 

 Alternation of Generations in Ferns, - - - 472 

 Tree-ferns (Alsophila) in Ceylon, - - - 473 

 Rhipidopteris peltata, with sterile and fertile 



fronds, - - - - - - -474 



Stag's-horn Fern (Platy cerium alcicorne), - - 475 

 Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 477 



Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 479 



Asexual and sexual reproduction in Saprolegni- 



acese, --...... 480 



Asexual and sexual reproduction in the Mucorini, 481 

 Larch trees (Larix europcea), ... - 483 

 Myxomycetous Fungi and their fructification, - 491 

 Magnified Examples of Desmidieae, - - - 492 

 Fungus-galls on Juniperus communis and A ronia 



rotundifolia, - - - - - -521 



Various Galls and their effects on plants, - - 523 

 A Witches' Broom on the Silver Fir, produced 



by ^Ecidium elatinum, .... 526 



Galls in section and otherwise, - - - - 531 



Various Galls on Leaves, - - - - - 533 



Galls on Spruce, Poplar, Oak, &c., - - - 534 

 Solid Galls on Lime and Celastrus, ... 539 

 Various Oak-galls, ...... 541 



Spirophyton from the Upper Devonian Rocks, - 610 

 Riclla hclicophylla growing under water, - - 611 

 Myxomycetes or Slime-fungi, .... 618 



Various Examples of Bacteria, .... 624 



Highly-magnified Examples of Diatoms, - - 626 

 Hydrodictyacese, with Zoospores, - - - 640 

 Ulothrix zonula, with Gametes and Zoospores, - 649 

 Various Examples of Desmids, - - . - 655 



