FERTILIZATION AND FRUIT-FORMATION IN CRYPTOGAMS. 



57 



which subsequently, in some cases, puts out sac-like processes and branches and 

 fashions itself into the likeness of the mother-plant without passing through 

 any intermediate stage; or in others, the tube, which represents the embryo, 

 produces first of all from its protoplasm a number of swarmspores. These roam 

 about for a period and then seek out a convenient spot where they come to rest 

 and develop into new individual plants. The additional production by Perono- 

 sporese of spores on dendritically-branched hyphse growing out through the 



Fig. 205.— Fertilization, fiuit-foimation, and spore-formatiou in the Peronosporefe. 



1 A bunch of grapes attacked by the Vine-Mildew. 2 Spores on branched stalks projecting through a stoma of a Vine-leaf, 

 ä Fertilization in Feronospora viticola. * A single spore. = A single spore the contents of which are dividing into swarm- 

 spores. 6 A single swarmspore. 1 natural size; 2x80; 3-5x350; 8x380. (s-e after De Bary.) 



stomata of the green host-plants is shown in fig. 205 ^ but an opportunity will 

 occur later on of discussing the details of that process. 



The Siphonacese exhibit a difierent mode of fertilization from those processes 

 which involve the preliminary construction of a fertilization-tube and a conjugation- 

 canal respectively. All the Siphonaceae live in water or on damp, periodically 

 submerged earth; they contain chlorophyll and are neither parasites nor sapro- 

 phytes. We may take as a type of this group of plants, which includes forms 

 of great diversity, a species of the genus Vaucheria (see vol. i. Plate I. fig. a, 

 and text p. 23) and use it also to illustrate the processes about to be considered. 



