930 



INDEX. 



Aristolochia, colour and odour, ii. 197. 



— imprisonment of insects, ii. 165. 



— insect platforms, ii. 225. 



— nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— perianth, ii. 165. 



— stem, i. 364. 



Aristolochia Clematitis, allurement of in- 

 sects, ii. 206, 222. 



flower, gynandria, ii. 292. 



food of Thais Hypermnestra, ii. 488. 



insect platform, ii. 226. 



odour, i. 431. 



pollination, ii. 244. 



venation, i. 633. 



Aristolochia Gigas, scent, ii. 200. 



var. Sturtevantii, size and colour of 



flowers, ii. 185. 

 Aristolochia ringens, flowers, ii. 166. 



insect platform, ii. 225. 



Aristolochia .Sipho, leaf-blades, i. 649. 



sinistrorse twining, i. 685. 



Aristolochiaceai, ii. 599, 755. 



— American, size of flowers, ii. 185. 



— protogyuous, ii. 312. 



— South American, i . 202. 

 Aristotle, biology of plants, i. 16. 

 Armeria, poUen-grain, ii. 100. 



— stigma, ii. 281. 



Armeria alpina, autogamy, ii. 358. 



seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 



Armeria vulgaris, autogamy, ii. 358. 

 Amebia cornuta, fruit protection, ii. 442. 

 Arnica, flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



— habitat, i. 112. 



— pollination, i. 740. 



Arnica montana and Campanula, colour con- 

 trast, ii. 193. 



florets and autogamy, ii. 363. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



peripheral flowers, ii. 187. 



AmoserispusiUa, persistentcotyledons, i. 622. 

 Aroidese, ii. 742. 



— adherent roots, i. 108. 



— adventitious roots, 1. 751. 



— aerial roots, i. 365, 753 ; ii. 745. 



— arrangement of roots, i. 766. 



— certain, resemblance to Leucobryum and 



Sphagnum in water-absorption, i. 220. 



— coloured bracts in, ii. 183. 



— description, ii. 742. 



— development of climbing roots, i. 705. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— epiphytic, aerial roots, porous covering 



and rootr-hairs, i. 223. 



— extrusion of water from leaves, i. 271. 



— geitouogamy in, ii. 325. 



— geographical distribution, ii. 745. 



— imprisonment of insects, &c., ii. 164. 



— inflorescence, i. 501. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 222, 244. 



— leaf perforation, i. 413. 



— leaves of, structure in relation to trans- 



piration, i. 288. 



— monoecious, protogynous, ii. 313. 



— nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— on ground of woods, i. 109. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— origin of roots, i. 771. 



— pericarp mucilage, i. 615. 



— pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



— sheltering of pollen, ii. 108. 



— temperature within spathe, i. 501. 

 AroUa pine. See Piynis Cemhra. 



Aronla rotundifolia, Gymnosporangium gall, 



ii. 521. 

 Aronicum glaciale, dichogamy, ii. 312. 

 Arrangements for reception of insects, ii. 



226, 227. 



— for retention of pollen, ü. 279. 

 Arrhenatherum, flowers, sexual conditions, 



ii. 297. 

 Arrow-head. See Sayittaria. 

 Arrowroot, source of, ii. 736. 

 Artedia squamata, seed-dispersal, ii. 853. 

 Artemisia, as host of Orobanche, i. 185. 



— hairiness, i. 317, 319. 

 Artemisia Absynthium, ii. 87. 



Artemisia Absynthium, &c., hairs, i. 322. 

 Artemisia campestris, and gall of Cecido- 



myia Arteuiisise, Ü. 547. 

 Artemisia Mutellina, &c., geitonogamy, ii. 



322. 



habitat and hairiness, i. 316. 



Arthrospore, of Bacteria, ii. 623. 

 Artichoke. See Cynara scolynnis. 

 Aitocarpacese, ii. 758. 



— collective fruits in, ii. 436. 



— laticiferous tubes, i. 470. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



Artocarpus incisa, flowering and fruiting 



branch, ii. 438. 



from chalk, ii. 613. 



Artocarpus integrifolia, collective fruit, ii. 



436. 

 Arum, monoecious, ii. 297. 



— pollination, ii. 164. 



Arum conocephaloides and Ceratopogon, ii. 

 165. 



inflorescence, ii. 164. 



Arum cordifolium, temperature within 

 spathe, i. 501. 



Arum Italicum, fly visitors, ii. 165. 



geographical distribution, habitat, i. 



501. 



temperature within spathe, i. 501; ii. 164. 



Arum maculatum and Psychoda phallas- 

 noides, ii. 165. 



habitat, i. 654. 



leaf of, i. 286. 



Arundinaria glaucescens, protection of sto- 

 mata from moisture, i. 294. 



Arundo, arrangement for rain-water exclu- 

 sion between haulm and leaf, i. 98. 



Arundo Donax, dimensions, i. 714. 



reserve-buds, u. 32. 



Asafcetida. See Scorodosma Asafmtida. 



Asarabacca. See Asarum Europcsum. 



Asarace», ii. 755. 



Asarum, lestivation, ii. 210. 



— leaf, emerging from soil, i. 640. 



— pollen-deposition, ii. 279. 



— poUen-grain, ü. 100. 



— variety of scent, ii. 488. 



Asarum C'auadense, creeping stem, i. 662. 

 Asarum Europseum, creeping stem, i. 662. 



stages in blossoming, ii. 279. 



venation, i. 633. 



^ winter protection, i. 5.50. 



Ascherson, Flora der Provinz Brandenburg, 



ii. 605. 

 Asci, ii. 19. 



— of Claviceps, ii. 680. 



— of Cordyceps, ii. 679. 



— of Erysiphe, ii. 60. 



— of MorcheUa, ii. 683. 



— of Moulds, ii. 677. 



— of Tuber, ii. 678, 681. 

 Ascidia, i. 127. 



— alluring, &c., contrivances, i. 128. 



— as pitfalls, &c., i. 123. 

 Asclepiadacese, i. 470 ; ii. 77. 



— cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 



— corpusculum, ii. 257. 



— insect-visitors, ii. 258. 



— poUinia, &c., ii. 97, 257, 259. 



— protective sticky latex, ii. 234. 



— soft bast, i. 477. 



— viscin of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Asclepias, scent, ii. 202. 



Asclepias Cornuti, clips on insect foot, ii. 259. 



floral mechanism, ii. 258. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Ascoideaä, ii. 674. 

 Ascoraycetes, ii. 606. 



— asci and spore formation, ii. 18. 



— distinctive characters, ii, 676. 



— various, ii. 679, 681. 

 AscophyUum, ii. 664. 

 Ascosporeaä, ii. 606. 



Ascospores, of Ascomycetes, ii. 19, 676, 693. 

 Ascus, of Podosphaira, ii. 60. 



— of Xylaria, ii. 679. 



Ascus-fruit, basis of classification in Asco- 

 mycetes, ii. 676. 



Ascus-fruit of E\irotium, ii. 679. 



of Moulds, ii. 677. 



Asexual generation of ferns, commencement 



of, ii. 472. 

 Asexual reproduction, in Mucorini and 

 Saprolegniaceae, ii. 480, 481. 



in Saproleguiaceie, ii. 484. 



Ash, essential constituents of, ii. 66. 



— of chlorophyll, i. 371. 



— of Stratiotes aloides, Nymph^ea alba. 



Chara fcetida, Phragmites communis, 

 Biscutella laevigata, Dorycnium decum- 

 bens, i. 69. 



— of Ta.xus baccata, i. 70. 

 Ash. See Fraxinus excelsior. 



— mountain. See Sorbii^ Aucuparia. 

 Asparagin, i. 464. 



— an amide, i. 458. 



— and respiration, i. 495. 

 Asparagineie, switch-plants in, i. 330. 

 Asparagus, ii. 732. 



— phylloclades, i. 652. 



Asparagus acutifolius, &c., weaving habit, 

 i. 674. 



Asparagus horridus, &c., spines, i. 434. 



Asparagus oflScinalis, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 299. 



imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



Aspen. See Populus tremula. 



Aspergillese, fertilization and fruit-forma- 

 tion, ii. 60. 



Aspergillus, fermentative action, i. 508. 



— parasitism, ii. 678. 



— sporangia, &c., ii. 18, 21. 

 Aspergillus fumigatus, habitat, ii. 678. 

 Aspergillus niger, conidial hyph», ii. 677. 

 Asperula, stipules, i. 637. 



Asperula aparine, weaving habit, i. 674. 

 Asperula arvensis, artificially induced 



drooping, ii. 123. 

 Asperula capitata, evening smell, ii. 209. 

 Asperula galioides, cuckoo-galls, ii. 545. 

 Asperula glomerata, opening of flower, ii. 



212. 

 Asperula longiflora, &c., scent, ii. 200. 

 Asperula odorata, ii. 537. 



effect of clearing wood, i. 391. 



leaf and illumination, i. 286. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



stamens, ii. 86. 



winter protection, i. 550. 



Asperula taurina, behaviour of styles, i. 



740. 



geitonogamy, ii. 325. 



sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



Asperula tinctoria, cuckoo-galls, ii. 545. 

 Asphodel, Scottish. See TofieUlia borealU. 

 Asphodeloidese, characteristics, ii. 730. 

 Asphodelus, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Asphodelus albus, roots, i. 760. 



twisted leaves, i. 429. 



Aspliodelus ramosus, at Ptestum, ii. 730. 

 Aspicilia calcarea, heat resistance, i. 554. 

 Aspicilia flavida, habitat, i. 117. 

 Aspidieai, sorus and indusium, &c., ii. 706. 

 Aspidium, hybrids in, ii. 582. 

 Aspidium falcatum, apogamy, ii. 458. 

 Aspidium Filix-mas, winter buds, emergence 



from soil, i, 639. 

 Aspidium Thelypteris, necessary soil, ii. 612 

 Aspleniese, sorus and indusium, ii. 706. 

 Asplenium, buds on fronds, ü. 39, 41. 



— hybrids in, ii. 582. 



— prothaUus, ii. 11. 



Asplenium Germanicum, hybrid of A. Ruta- 

 muraria X A. septentrionale, ii. 586. 



— Ruta-muraria, sporophyte and prothal- 



lium, ii. 472. 

 Asses, wüd, and Melocactus, i. 447. 

 Assimilation and respiration, i. 492-495. 



— theory of, i. 456. 



Aster, and ancient crossing, ii. 555. 



— autogamy, ii. 359. 



— Blue. See Aster Amellus. 



— colour-contrast in capitulum, ii. 191. 



— flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 321. 



